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Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

Inhibitor of BRAF(V600) mutants CAS# 1195765-45-7

Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

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Chemical structure

Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

Cas No. 1195765-45-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 44462760 Appearance Powder
Formula C23H20F3N5O2S2 M.Wt 519.56
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms GSK2118436A; GSK2118436
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 33 mg/mL (63.52 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name N-[3-[5-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-2-tert-butyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-2-fluorophenyl]-2,6-difluorobenzenesulfonamide
SMILES CC(C)(C)C1=NC(=C(S1)C2=NC(=NC=C2)N)C3=C(C(=CC=C3)NS(=O)(=O)C4=C(C=CC=C4F)F)F
Standard InChIKey BFSMGDJOXZAERB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C23H20F3N5O2S2/c1-23(2,3)21-30-18(19(34-21)16-10-11-28-22(27)29-16)12-6-4-9-15(17(12)26)31-35(32,33)20-13(24)7-5-8-14(20)25/h4-11,31H,1-3H3,(H2,27,28,29)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

DescriptionDabrafenib (GSK2118436) is a inhibitor of mutant BRAFV600 specific with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM.
TargetsB-Raf (V600E)B-RafC-Raf   
IC500.8 nM3.2 nM5.0 nM    

Protocol

Cell Assay [1]
For longer term proliferation assays, cells are plated and treated with compound or combination of compounds in RMPI-1640 containing 10% FBS for 12 days. Compound treatments are replaced at least once during the assay. After 12 days, cells are stained with 0.5% methylene blue in 50% ethanol. Images are captured using flatbed scanner.

Animal Administration [5]
The rat pups selected as the test system are derived from 26 10-week-old, time-mated, virus-antibody-free SD (Crl:CD[SD]) female rats. Mated females are observed for natural deliveries from Day 20 to 23 pc (day parturition completed is designated PND 0). Litter examinations are conducted when parturition is complete, on PNDs 3 and 6, and included gender identification, individual pup weights, and external morphologic examinations. Parturient dams and their litters are selected for study based on clinical signs and body weights, and selected dams and their litters are randomized into study groups based on clinical observations and PND 3 litter mean body weights. On PND 3 or 4, litters are culled to four males and five females, with minimal fostering only when necessary to obtain the desired sex ratio, such that natural litters are maintained as much as possible. Records are kept of fostered pups of original and foster dams. All pups are identified by paw tattoo. To the extent possible, nonlittermates are assigned to subsets. DAB is formulated as a suspension in vehicle, 0.5% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M, and 0.1% (v/v) Tween80 in purified water, and is given to juvenile male and female rats orally by gavage at a dose volume of 5 ml/kg, based on daily body weight.

References:
[1]. Greger JG, et al. Combinations of BRAF, MEK, and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors overcome acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 dabrafenib, mediated by NRAS or MEK mutations. Mol Cancer Ther, 2012, 11(4), 909-920. [2]. Lee S, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of dabrafenib on polyphosphate-mediated vascular disruption. Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Jul 22. [3]. Jung B, et al. Anti-septic effects of dabrafenib on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. BMB Rep. 2016 Apr;49(4):214-9. [4]. Alexander M Menzies, et al. Dabrafenib and its potential for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012; 6: 391–405. [5]. Posobiec LM, et al. Early Vaginal Opening in Juvenile Female Rats Given BRAF-Inhibitor Dabrafenib Is Not Associated with Early Physiologic Sexual Maturation. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Dec;104(6):244-52.

Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) Dilution Calculator

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Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.9247 mL 9.6235 mL 19.2471 mL 38.4941 mL 48.1176 mL
5 mM 0.3849 mL 1.9247 mL 3.8494 mL 7.6988 mL 9.6235 mL
10 mM 0.1925 mL 0.9624 mL 1.9247 mL 3.8494 mL 4.8118 mL
50 mM 0.0385 mL 0.1925 mL 0.3849 mL 0.7699 mL 0.9624 mL
100 mM 0.0192 mL 0.0962 mL 0.1925 mL 0.3849 mL 0.4812 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

Dabrafenib is a specific inhibitor of BRAF V600 mutants with IC50 values of 0.5nM, 0.6nM and 1.9nM against V600E, V600K and V600D, respectively [1].

BRAF plays a central role in regulating MAPK signaling pathway which regulates cell growth, division and differentiation. The V600E mutation of BRAF increases the kinase activity and is involved in metastatic melanomas. Dabrafenib is an ATP-competitive and reversible inhibitor of BRAF mutants. It potently inhibits BRAFV600E, BRAFV600K and BRAFV600D with IC50 values of 0.5nM, 0.6nM and 1.9nM, respectively. Dabrafenib is currently approved by FDA and is widely used in cancer patients harboring BRAF mutations. It is reported that treatment of dabrafenib shrinks the overall size of brain metastases in patients. It also has an impressive 60% response rate for melanomas outside of the brain. Dabrafenib provides a significant survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma [1, 2].

References:
[1] Hong S, Hong S. Overcoming metastatic melanoma with BRAF inhibitors. Archives of pharmacal research, 2011, 34(5): 699-701.
[2] Hong D S, Vence L, Falchook G, et al. BRAF (V600) inhibitor GSK2118436 targeted inhibition of mutant BRAF in cancer patients does not impair overall immune competency. Clinical Cancer Research, 2012, 18(8): 2326-2335.

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References on Dabrafenib (GSK2118436)

Tumor genetic analyses of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436).[Pubmed:23833299]

Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Sep 1;19(17):4868-78.

PURPOSE: Dabrafenib is a selective inhibitor of V600-mutant BRAF kinase, which recently showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) as compared with dacarbazine, in metastatic melanoma patients. This study examined potential genetic markers associated with response and PFS in the phase I study of dabrafenib. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Baseline (pretreatment or archival) melanoma samples were evaluated in 41 patients using a custom genotyping melanoma-specific assay, sequencing of PTEN, and copy number analysis using multiplex ligation amplification and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Nine patients had on-treatment and/or progression samples available. RESULTS: All baseline patient samples had BRAF(V600E/K) confirmed. Baseline PTEN loss/mutation was not associated with best overall response to dabrafenib, but it showed a trend for shorter median PFS [18.3 (95% confidence interval, CI, 9.1-24.3) vs. 32.1 weeks (95% CI, 24.1-33), P=0.059]. Higher copy number of CCND1 (P=0.009) and lower copy number of CDKN2A (P=0.012) at baseline were significantly associated with decreased PFS. Although no melanomas had high-level amplification of BRAF, the two patients with progressive disease as their best response had BRAF copy gain in their tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Copy number changes in CDKN2A, CCND1, and mutation/copy number changes in PTEN correlated with the duration of PFS in patients treated with dabrafenib. The results suggest that these markers should be considered in the design and interpretation of future trials with selective BRAF inhibitors in advanced melanoma patients.

Dose selection, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436).[Pubmed:24958809]

Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 1;20(17):4449-58.

PURPOSE: Dabrafenib is a selective, potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of the BRAFV600-mutant kinase that has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. We report the rationale for dose selection in the first-in-human study of dabrafenib, including pharmacokinetics, tissue pharmacodynamics, 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) pharmacodynamics, and dose-response relationship. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Dabrafenib was administered orally once, twice (BID), or three times daily (TID). Selected dose cohorts were expanded to collect adequate data on safety, pharmacokinetics, or pharmacodynamics. A recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was chosen based on safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and response data. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-four patients were enrolled and treated with doses ranging from 12 mg once daily to 300 mg BID in 10 cohorts. Pharmacokinetic assessment of dabrafenib demonstrated a less-than-dose-proportional increase in exposure after repeat dosing above 150 mg BID. Similar to parent drug concentrations, exposure for all metabolites demonstrated less-than-dose-proportional increases. Predicted target inhibition of pERK (>80%) was achieved at 150 mg BID, with a similar magnitude of inhibition at higher doses in BRAFV600 mutation melanoma biopsy samples. Although there was large variability between patients, FDG uptake decreased with higher daily doses in patients with BRAFV600 mutation-positive melanoma. A favorable activity and tolerability profile was demonstrated at 150 mg BID. There was no improvement with TID dosing compared with BID dosing, based on FDG-PET and tumor response analyses in patients with melanoma. CONCLUSION: The RP2D of dabrafenib was determined to be 150 mg BID after considering multiple factors, including pharmacokinetics, tissue pharmacodynamics, FDG-PET pharmacodynamics, and the dose-response relationship. A maximum tolerated dose for dabrafenib was not determined.

Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma.[Pubmed:23918947]

J Clin Oncol. 2013 Sep 10;31(26):3205-11.

PURPOSE: Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) is a potent inhibitor of mutated BRAF kinase. Our multicenter, single-arm, phase II study assessed the safety and clinical activity of dabrafenib in BRAF(V600E/K) mutation-positive metastatic melanoma (mut(+) MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Histologically confirmed patients with stage IV BRAF(V600E/K) mut(+) MM received oral dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily until disease progression, death, or unacceptable adverse events (AEs). The primary end point was investigator-assessed overall response rate in BRAF(V600E) mut(+) MM patients. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory objectives included the comparison of BRAF mutation status between tumor-specific circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor tissue, and the evaluation of cfDNA as a predictor of clinical outcome. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients with BRAF(V600E) and 16 patients with BRAF(V600K) mut(+) MM were enrolled onto the study. In the BRAF(V600E) group, 45 patients (59%) had a confirmed response (95% CI, 48.2 to 70.3), including five patients (7%) with complete responses. Two patients (13%) with BRAF(V600K) mut(+) MM had a confirmed partial response (95% CI, 0 to 28.7). In the BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) groups, median PFS was 6.3 months and 4.5 months, and median OS was 13.1 months and 12.9 months, respectively. The most common AEs were arthralgia (33%), hyperkeratosis (27%), and pyrexia (24%). Overall, 25 patients (27%) experienced a serious AE and nine patients (10%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Baseline cfDNA levels predicted response rate and PFS in BRAF(V600E) mut(+) MM patients. CONCLUSION: Dabrafenib was well tolerated and clinically active in patients with BRAF(V600E/K) mut(+) MM. cfDNA may be a useful prognostic and response marker in future studies.

Description

Dabrafenib is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Raf with IC50s of 5 nM and 0.6 nM for C-Raf and B-RafV600E, respectively.

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