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Proflavine Hemisulfate

CAS# 1811-28-5

Proflavine Hemisulfate

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Chemical structure

Proflavine Hemisulfate

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Proflavine Hemisulfate

Cas No. 1811-28-5 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 9849425 Appearance Powder
Formula C26H24N6O4S M.Wt 516.6
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Proflavin hemisulfate; 3,6-Diaminoacridine hemisulfate
Solubility H2O : ≥ 5 mg/mL (19.36 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name acridine-3,6-diamine;sulfuric acid
SMILES Nc1ccc2cc3ccc([NH3+])cc3nc2c1.Nc4ccc5cc6ccc([NH3+])cc6nc5c4.[O-][S]([O-])(=O)=O
Standard InChIKey YADYXCVYLIKQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/2C13H11N3.H2O4S/c2*14-10-3-1-8-5-9-2-4-11(15)7-13(9)16-12(8)6-10;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1-7H,14-15H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Proflavine Hemisulfate

DescriptionProflavine hemisulfate is an Acridine derivative, which is a slow-acting disinfectant with bacteriostatic action against many Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Gram-negative organisms.

Proflavine Hemisulfate Dilution Calculator

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Proflavine Hemisulfate Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Proflavine Hemisulfate

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.9357 mL 9.6787 mL 19.3573 mL 38.7147 mL 48.3933 mL
5 mM 0.3871 mL 1.9357 mL 3.8715 mL 7.7429 mL 9.6787 mL
10 mM 0.1936 mL 0.9679 mL 1.9357 mL 3.8715 mL 4.8393 mL
50 mM 0.0387 mL 0.1936 mL 0.3871 mL 0.7743 mL 0.9679 mL
100 mM 0.0194 mL 0.0968 mL 0.1936 mL 0.3871 mL 0.4839 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Proflavine Hemisulfate

Proflavine Hemisulfate is a topical antiseptic by interchelating DNA, thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands.

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References on Proflavine Hemisulfate

Micellar-mediated binding interaction between proflavine hemisulfate and salicylic acid: spectroscopic insights and its analytical application.[Pubmed:23076990]

Luminescence. 2013 Nov-Dec;28(6):821-6.

The molecular interactions between salicylic acid (SA) and proflavin hemisulfate (PF) were investigated using fluorescence and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy in an aqueous micellar environment. Changes in the absorption spectra of SA in the presence of PF indicate a ground state interaction between salicylate and Proflavine Hemisulfate ions to form a complex. The excitation bands of SA monitored at its emission wavelength reveal a red spectral shift of 8390.54 and 2037.75 cm(-1) when compared with absorption bands. The intensity of both excitation bands decreased in the presence of increasing amounts of PF. The absence of excitation bands of PF rules out the possibility of its direct excitation and suggests energy transfer from excited SA to PF, resulting in quenching of the SA fluorescence. The fluorescence quenching results were found to fit the well-known Stern-Volmer (S-V) relation. S-V plots at different temperatures were used to further evaluate thermodynamic parameters such as G, H and DeltaS. The thermodynamic and kinetic data obtained from the quenching results were used to investigate the possible mechanism of binding, the nature of the binding force and the distance between SA and PF molecules. The linear relation between SA fluorescence quenching and PF concentration used to develop an analytical method for the determination of PF from Lorexane (a veterinary cream) using a fluorescence quenching method.

Attempt to develop live attenuated bacterial vaccines by selecting resistance to gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin.[Pubmed:23499519]

Vaccine. 2013 Apr 26;31(18):2222-30.

In an attempt to develop attenuated bacteria as potential live vaccines, four chemicals (gossypol, Proflavine Hemisulfate, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin) were used to modify the following four genera of bacteria through chemical-resistance strategy: (1) Aeromonas hydrophila (9 isolates); (2) Edwardsiella tarda (9 isolates); (3) Streptococcus iniae (9 isolates); and (4) S. agalactiae (11 isolates). All bacteria used in this study were able to develop high resistance to gossypol. However, only some bacteria were able to develop resistance to Proflavine Hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin. When the virulence of resistant bacteria was tested in tilapia or catfish, none of the gossypol-resistant isolate was attenuated, whereas majority of the Proflavine Hemisulfate-resistant isolates were attenuated. However, all Proflavine Hemisulfate-attenuated bacteria failed to provide significant protection to fish. Eight novobiocin- or ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria (S. agalactiae and S. inaie) were found to be attenuated. However, none of them offered protection higher than 70%. Of seven attenuated novobiocin- or ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative isolates (A. hydrophila and E. tarda), only one (novobiocin-resistant E. tarda 30305) was found to safe and highly efficacious. When E. tarda 30305-novo vaccinated Nile tilapia were challenged by its virulent E. tarda 30305, relative percent of survival of vaccinated fish at 14- and 28-days post vaccination (dpv) was 100% and 92%, respectively. Similarly, E. tarda 30305-novo offered 100% protection to channel catfish against challenges with virulent parent isolate E. tarda 30305 at both 14- and 28-dpv. Our results suggest that the development of live attenuated bacterial vaccines that are safe and efficacious is challenging, although it is feasible.

Proflavine Hemisulfate as a Fluorescent Contrast Agent for Point-of-Care Cytology.[Pubmed:25962131]

PLoS One. 2015 May 11;10(5):e0125598.

Proflavine Hemisulfate, an acridine-derived fluorescent dye, can be used as a rapid stain for cytologic examination of biological specimens. Proflavine fluorescently stains cell nuclei and cytoplasmic structures, owing to its small amphipathic structure and ability to intercalate DNA. In this manuscript, we demonstrated the use of proflavine as a rapid cytologic dye on a number of specimens, including normal exfoliated oral squamous cells, cultured human oral squamous carcinoma cells, and leukocytes derived from whole blood specimens using a custom-built, portable, LED-illuminated fluorescence microscope. No incubation time was needed after suspending cells in 0.01% (w/v) proflavine diluted in saline. Images of proflavine stained oral cells had clearly visible nuclei as well as granular cytoplasm, while stained leukocytes exhibited bright nuclei, and highlighted the multilobar nature of nuclei in neutrophils. We also demonstrated the utility of quantitative analysis of digital images of proflavine stained cells, which can be used to detect significant morphological differences between different cell types. Proflavine stained oral cells have well-defined nuclei and cell membranes which allowed for quantitative analysis of nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, as well as image texture analysis to extract quantitative image features.

Description

Proflavine hemisulfate is an Acridine derivative, which is a slow-acting disinfectant with bacteriostatic action against many Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Gram-negative organisms.

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