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Quizartinib (AC220)

FLT3 inhibitor,potent and selective CAS# 950769-58-1

Quizartinib (AC220)

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Chemical structure

Quizartinib (AC220)

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Quizartinib (AC220)

Cas No. 950769-58-1 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 24889392 Appearance Powder
Formula C29H32N6O4S M.Wt 560.67
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms AC220
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 33 mg/mL (58.86 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name 1-(5-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-3-[4-[6-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-2-yl]phenyl]urea
SMILES CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=NO1)NC(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=CN4C5=C(C=C(C=C5)OCCN6CCOCC6)SC4=N3
Standard InChIKey CVWXJKQAOSCOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C29H32N6O4S/c1-29(2,3)25-17-26(33-39-25)32-27(36)30-20-6-4-19(5-7-20)22-18-35-23-9-8-21(16-24(23)40-28(35)31-22)38-15-12-34-10-13-37-14-11-34/h4-9,16-18H,10-15H2,1-3H3,(H2,30,32,33,36)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Quizartinib (AC220)

DescriptionQuizartinib (AC220) is a second-generation inhibitor of FLT3 for Flt3(ITD/WT) with IC50 of 1.1 nM/4.2 nM, 10-fold more selective for Flt3 than KIT, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, RET, and CSF-1R.
TargetsFlt3ITDFlt3wt    
IC501.1 nM4.2 nM    

Protocol

Kinase Assay [1]
KinomeScan kinase binding assays are performed. For the FLT3 assay, a kinase construct that spanned the catalytic domain only (amino acids 592 to 969) is used. This construct does not include the juxtamembrane domain and is designed to measure the intrinsic binding affinity of the open FLT3 active site for inhibitors[1].

Cell Assay [1]
MV4-11 and RS4;11 cells are cultured in Iscove media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and RPMI complete with 10% FBS, respectively. For proliferation assays, cells are cultured overnight in low serum media (0.5% FBS), then seeded in a 96-well plate at 40 000 cells per well. Inhibitors (e.g., Quizartinib) are added to the cells and incubated at 37°C for 72 hours. Cell viability is measured using the Cell Titer-Blue Cell Viability Assay. To measure inhibition of FLT3 autophosphorylation, cells are cultured in low serum media (0.5% FBS) overnight and seeded at a density of 400 000 cells per well in a 96-well plate the following day. The cells are incubated with inhibitors (e.g., Quizartinib) for 2 hours at 37°C. To induce FLT3 autophosphorylation in RS4;11 cells, 100 ng/mL FLT3 ligand is added for 15 minutes after the 2-hour compound incubation. Cell lysates are prepared and incubated in 96-well plates precoated with a total FLT3 capture antibody. The coated plates are incubated with either a biotinylated antibody against FLT3 to detect total FLT3 or an antibody against phosphotyrosines to detect FLT3 autophosphorylation. In both cases, a SULFO-tagged streptavidin secondary antibody is used for electrochemiluminescence detection on the Meso Scale Discovery platform[1].

Animal Administration [1]
Mice[1] Female NU/NU or severe combined immunodeficient mice are used. Quizartinib (hydrochloride salt) is formulated in 22% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, CEP-701 is formulated in 20% gelucire 44/14 in water (vol/vol), MLN-518 and sunitinib are formulated in 10 mM sodium citrate (pH 3.5), PKC-412 is formulated in 3:1 gelucire 44/14-propylene glycol (vol/vol), and sorafenib (toluene sulfonate salt) is formulated in 80% PEG-400. Compound concentrations are chosen to deliver the desired dose in a volume of 10 mL/kg. Compounds are administered by oral gavage and plasma samples collected 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after dosing. To collect plasma samples, eye bleeds (150 μL) are taken semilongitudinally using 3 groups of 3 animals each, taking 2 to 3 time points per animal to obtain a total of 3 independent plasma concentration time courses. Plasma samples and controls (25 μL) are extracted with 4 volumes of acetonitrile containing an internal standard and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

References:
[1]. Zarrinkar PP, et al. AC220 is a uniquely potent and selective inhibitor of FLT3 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood, 2009, 114(14), 2984-2992. [2]. Puissant A, et al. SYK is a critical regulator of FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2014 Feb 10;25(2):226-42.

Quizartinib (AC220) Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Quizartinib (AC220)

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.7836 mL 8.9179 mL 17.8358 mL 35.6716 mL 44.5895 mL
5 mM 0.3567 mL 1.7836 mL 3.5672 mL 7.1343 mL 8.9179 mL
10 mM 0.1784 mL 0.8918 mL 1.7836 mL 3.5672 mL 4.459 mL
50 mM 0.0357 mL 0.1784 mL 0.3567 mL 0.7134 mL 0.8918 mL
100 mM 0.0178 mL 0.0892 mL 0.1784 mL 0.3567 mL 0.4459 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Quizartinib (AC220)

Quizartinib (AC220) is a 2nd-generation FLT3 inhibitor for Flt3(ITD/WT) with IC50 value of 1.1 nM/4.2 nM, and it is ten-fold more selective for Flt3 than PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, KIT, RET and CSF-1R [1].

Quizartinib inhibits FLT3 with low nanomolar potency in cellular assays and shows high selectivity when screened against most of the human protein kinome. In addition, the combination of high potency and selectivity exhibited by quizartinib is unique compared with CEP-701, PKC-412, MLN-518, sunitinib, and sorafenib.

Quizartinib (AC220) was identified to be the most potent and selective FLT3 inhibitor with good pharmaceutical properties and superior efficacy in tumor xenograft models. A single dose of 10 mg/kg was administered to mice by oral gavage and plasma levels were measured over a 24-hour period. Quizartinib was well absorbed, achieving a maximum plasma level (Cmax) of 3.8 μM (2100 ng/mL) within 2 hours of dosing. To determine the effect of FLT3-ITD inhibition on cell growth,. These results establish that AC220 has strong activity against FLT3 in biochemical and cellular assays in MV4-11 cell proliferation in the presence of 1.1nM quizartinib [1].

As a FLT3 inhibitor for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), when at doses as low as 1 mg/kg orally once a day, quizartinib inhibits FLT3 activity in vivo extending survival significantly. And this eradicates tumors in a FLT3-dependent mouse xenograft model, and potently inhibits FLT3 activity in primary patient cells at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In addition, quizartinib has been demonstrated a desirable safety and PK profile in humans. The emergence of resistant mutations is a common mechanism of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors used clinically, with a mutation emerging in at least 20% of the patients. This shows that the survival of AML blasts depends to a great extent on FLT3 signaling in these cases [2, 3].

References:
[1].  Zarrinkar PP, Gunawardane RN, Cramer MD, et al. AC220 is a uniquely potent and selective inhibitor of FLT3 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood, 2009, 114(14): 2984-2992.
[2]. Chao Q, Sprankle KG, Grotzfeld RM, et al. Identification of N-(5-tert-Butyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-N'-{4-[7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazol-2-yl]phenyl}urea Dihydrochloride (AC220), a Uniquely Potent, Selective, and Efficacious FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase-3 (FLT3) Inhibitor. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, 52(23): 7808-7816.
[3].  Alvarado Y , Kantarjian HM, Luthra R, et al. Treatment With FLT3 Inhibitor in Patients With FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Associated With Development of Secondary FLT3-Tyrosine Kinase Domain Mutations. Cancer, 2014, 120(14): 2142-2149.

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References on Quizartinib (AC220)

Crystal structure of the FLT3 kinase domain bound to the inhibitor Quizartinib (AC220).[Pubmed:25837374]

PLoS One. 2015 Apr 2;10(4):e0121177.

More than 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients possess activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 or FLT3. A small-molecule inhibitor of FLT3 (known as quizartinib or AC220) that is currently in clinical trials appears promising for the treatment of AML. Here, we report the co-crystal structure of the kinase domain of FLT3 in complex with quizartinib. FLT3 with quizartinib bound adopts an "Abl-like" inactive conformation with the activation loop stabilized in the "DFG-out" orientation and folded back onto the kinase domain. This conformation is similar to that observed for the uncomplexed intracellular domain of FLT3 as well as for related receptor tyrosine kinases, except for a localized induced fit in the activation loop. The co-crystal structure reveals the interactions between quizartinib and the active site of FLT3 that are key for achieving its high potency against both wild-type FLT3 as well as a FLT3 variant observed in many AML patients. This co-complex further provides a structural rationale for quizartinib-resistance mutations.

Quizartinib (AC220) is a potent second generation class III tyrosine kinase inhibitor that displays a distinct inhibition profile against mutant-FLT3, -PDGFRA and -KIT isoforms.[Pubmed:23497317]

Mol Cancer. 2013 Mar 7;12:19.

BACKGROUND: Activating mutations of class III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) FLT3, PDGFR and KIT are associated with multiple human neoplasms including hematologic malignancies, for example: systemic mast cell disorders (KIT), non-CML myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDGFR) and subsets of acute leukemias (FLT3 and KIT). First generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are rapidly being integrated into routine cancer care. However, the expanding spectrum of TK-mutations, bioavailability issues and the emerging problem of primary or secondary TKI-therapy resistance have lead to the search for novel second generation TKIs to improve target potency and to overcome resistant clones.Quizartinib was recently demonstrated to be a selective FLT3 inhibitor with excellent pharmacokinetics and promising in vivo activity in a phase II study for FLT3 ITD + AML patients. In vitro kinase assays have suggested that in addition to FLT3, quizartinib also targets related class III RTK isoforms. METHODS: Various FLT3 or KIT leukemia cell lines and native blasts were used to determine the antiproliferative and proapoptotic efficacy of quizartinib. To better compare differences between the mutant kinase isoforms, we generated an isogenic BaF3 cell line expressing different FLT3, KIT or BCR/ABL isoforms. Using immunoblotting, we examined the effects of quizartinib on activation of mutant KIT or FLT3 isoforms. RESULTS: Kinase inhibition of (mutant) KIT, PDGFR and FLT3 isoforms by quizartinib leads to potent inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis in in vitro leukemia models as well as in native leukemia blasts treated ex vivo. However, the sensitivity patterns vary widely depending on the underlying (mutant)-kinase isoform, with some isoforms being relatively insensitive to this agent (e.g. FLT3 D835V and KIT codon D816 mutations). Evaluation of sensitivities in an isogenic cellular background confirms a direct association with the underlying mutant-TK isoform--which is further validated by immunoblotting experiments demonstrating kinase inhibition consistent with the cellular sensitivity/resistance to quizartinib. CONCLUSION: Quizartinib is a potent second-generation class III receptor TK-inhibitor--but specific, mutation restricted spectrum of activity may require mutation screening prior to therapy.

Description

Quizartinib (AC220) is an orally active, highly selective and potent second-generation type II FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with a Kd of 1.6 nM. Quizartinib inhibits wild-type FLT3 and FLT3-ITD autophosphorylation in MV4-11 cells with IC50s of 4.2 and 1.1 nM, respectively. Quizartinib can be linked to the VHL ligand via an optimized linker to form a PROTAC FLT3 degrader. Quizartinib induces apoptosis.

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