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Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

Janus kinase inhibitor CAS# 477600-75-2

Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

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Chemical structure

Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

Cas No. 477600-75-2 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 9926791 Appearance Powder
Formula C16H20N6O M.Wt 312.37
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Tasocitinib; CP-690550
Solubility DMSO : 65 mg/mL (208.09 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : 0.15 mg/mL (0.48 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)
Chemical Name 3-[(3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-[methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanenitrile
SMILES CC1CCN(CC1N(C)C2=NC=NC3=C2C=CN3)C(=O)CC#N
Standard InChIKey UJLAWZDWDVHWOW-YPMHNXCESA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C16H20N6O/c1-11-5-8-22(14(23)3-6-17)9-13(11)21(2)16-12-4-7-18-15(12)19-10-20-16/h4,7,10-11,13H,3,5,8-9H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19,20)/t11-,13+/m1/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

DescriptionTofacitinib inhibits JAK3 with IC50 of 1 nM while inhibiting JAK2, JAK1, Rock-II and Lck with IC50 values of 20, 112, 3400 and 3870 nM, respectively.In Vitro:Tofacitinib (CP-690550) citrate binds potentially at JAK3 and JAK2 as 2.2 nM and 5 nM (Kd). The report includes additional binding for Tofacitinib at Camk1 (Kd of 5,000 nM), DCamkL3 (Kd of 4.5 nM), Mst2 (Kd of 4,300 nM), Pkn1 (Kd of 200 nM), Rps6ka2 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) (Kd of 1,400 nM), Rps6ka6 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) (Kd of 1,200 nM), Snark (Kd of 420 nM), Tnk1 (Kd of 640 nM) and Tyk2 (Kd of 620 nM)[1].In Vivo:Animals that are treated with Tofacitinib show a significantly lower production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) compare with PEG-treated control mice (for five weeks after initial immunization, p<0.01, n=8). Moreover ADAs become detectable earliest on day 28. A difference of 1000- to 200-fold in titers to SS1P is apparent from days 21 through 35, respectively. Compare to SS1P, mice injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) generate a more rapid antibody response. Yet, the administration of Tofacitinib reduces anti-KLH titers compare to controls (p<0.05 on day 21, p<0.01 on day 28, respectively, n=5). Reductions in titers ranged from 5000- to 250-fold from days 21 through 28, respectively[2]. Based on previous dose-response studies, a daily dose of Tofacitinib of 6.2 mg/kg is selected to provide 80% inhibition of hind paw volume and plasma exposure capable of suppressing the JAK1 and JAK3 signaling pathways for >4 hours[3].

References:
[1]. Jiang JK, et al. Examining the chirality, conformation and selective kinase inhibition of 3-((3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (CP-690,550). J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8012-8. [2]. Onda M, et al. Tofacitinib suppresses antibody responses to protein therapeutics in murine hosts. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):48-55. [3]. LaBranche TP, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov;64(11):3531-42. [4]. Calama E, et al. Tofacitinib ameliorates inflammation in a rat model of airway neutrophilia induced by inhaled LPS. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;43:60-67.

Protocol

Kinase Assay [1]
Kinase activity is recorded via a competition binding assay of selected kinases that are fused to a proprietary tag. Measurements of the amount of kinase binds to an immobilized, active-site directed ligand in the presence and absence of the test compound (e.g., Tofacitinib) provide a % of DMSO control for binding of ligand. Activities between 0 and 10 are selected for Kd determinations. Dendrogram representations are generated by an in-house visualization tool designated PhyloChem[1].

Cell Assay [1]
Human CD4+ positive cells are enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from a healthy donor by magnetic separation (CD4+ MACS beads). CD4+ cells are activated for 3 days with plate bound anti-CD3 and anti CD28 antibodies (5 ug/mL each), and then expanded for another 4 days in the presence of IL-2 (50 U/mL). Cells are rested overnight in 1% RPMI, and pre-incubated with Tofacitinib or DMSO control for 1 hour at indicated concentrations (5 nM, 50 nM, 500 nM; DMSO concentration is equal in all preparations) and then activated with IL-2 (1000 u/mL) or IL-12 (100 ng/mL) for 15 minutes. Cells (10×106/condition) are lysed in 1% Triton-x lysis buffer and equal amounts of cell lysate are run in NuPage Bis-Tris gel (4-12% gradient). Proteins are transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane. Detection is done with indicated antibodies using Odyssey western blotting system[1].

Animal Administration [2][3]
Mice[2] Female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) are used. Mice receive Tofacitinib in PEG300 (100 mg/mL) or vehicle alone (PEG300) by osmotic pump infusion (Alzet Model 2004, 0.25 μL/hour, 28 days). Four days prior to immunization, mice are anesthetized and their dorsal surface is shaved. A one cm incision is made on the back to create a subcutaneous pocket and insert the pump. The incision site is closed with wound clips. Mice are injected weekly (i.p.) with SS1P recombinant immunotoxin (RIT; 5 μg/mouse) beginning on day 0; control mice received injections of saline alone. Every week before SS1P or vehicle immunization, 50 μL of blood is drawn to obtain serum samples. Sera are stored at −80°C until analyzed.Rats[3] Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) is induced in female Lewis rats. Rats are randomized according to hind paw volume and assigned to Tofacitinib or vehicle treatment regimens. Groups of 7-8 rats per treatment group, and normal naive rats (n=4 per group), are euthanized either 4 hours, 4 days, or 7 days after beginning treatment (days 16, 20, and 23 after immunization, respectively). Tofacitinib is suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose/0.025% Tween 20 for in vivo studies. Once-daily oral administration of vehicle or Tofacitinib (6.2 mg/kg) is initiated on day 16 following immunization and continued through day 23. Paw volumes are reassessed 4 and 7 days after the beginning of treatment (days 20 and 23 after immunization, respectively). For micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in paw tissue, AIA is induced in a separate cohort of Lewis rats.

References:
[1]. Jiang JK, et al. Examining the chirality, conformation and selective kinase inhibition of 3-((3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (CP-690,550). J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8012-8. [2]. Onda M, et al. Tofacitinib suppresses antibody responses to protein therapeutics in murine hosts. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):48-55. [3]. LaBranche TP, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Nov;64(11):3531-42. [4]. Calama E, et al. Tofacitinib ameliorates inflammation in a rat model of airway neutrophilia induced by inhaled LPS. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;43:60-67.

Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib) Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.2013 mL 16.0067 mL 32.0133 mL 64.0266 mL 80.0333 mL
5 mM 0.6403 mL 3.2013 mL 6.4027 mL 12.8053 mL 16.0067 mL
10 mM 0.3201 mL 1.6007 mL 3.2013 mL 6.4027 mL 8.0033 mL
50 mM 0.064 mL 0.3201 mL 0.6403 mL 1.2805 mL 1.6007 mL
100 mM 0.032 mL 0.1601 mL 0.3201 mL 0.6403 mL 0.8003 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

Tofacitinib, also named CP-690550 orTasocitinib, is a novel oral Janus kinase inhibitor which is being used as a targeted immune-modulator. It primarily inhibits signaling through heterodimeric receptors associated with JAK3, JAK1, or both of them, with functional selectivity over JAK2-paired receptors. Inhibition of JAK1 and JAK3 by tofacitinib blocks signaling for several cytokines, including interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, and 21. These cytokines are integral to lymphocyte activation, function, and proliferation. Tofacitinib is also an inhibitor of STAT molecules. Recent efforts to investigate the mechanism of action have shown that tofacitinib interacts with multiple JAKs and presumably other kinases

References

Roy Fleischmann, Joel Kremer, John Cush, Hendrik Schulze-Koops, Carol A. Connell, John D. Bradley, David Gruben, Gene V. Wallenstein, Samuel H. Zwillich, and Keith S. Kanik. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Tofacitinib Monotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:495-507

William J. Sandborn, Subrata Ghosh, Julian Panes, Ivana Vranic, Chinyu Su, Samantha Rousell, Wojciech Niezychowski. Tofacitinib, an Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Active Ulcerative Colitis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:616-624.

Keisuke Maeshima, Kunihiro Yamaoka, Satoshi Kubo, Kazuhisa Nakano, Shigeru Iwata, Kazuyoshi Saito, Masanobu Ohishi, Hisaaki Miyahara, Shinya Tanaka, Koji Ishii, Hironobu Yoshimatsu, Yoshiya Tanaka. The JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Regulates Synovitis Through Inhibition of Interferon- and Interleukin-17 Production by Human CD4 T Cells. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2012. 64(6): 1790–1798.

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References on Tofacitinib (CP-690550,Tasocitinib)

Effectiveness of biologic and non-biologic antirheumatic drugs on anaemia markers in 153,788 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: New evidence from real-world data.[Pubmed:28947313]

Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Feb;47(4):478-484.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the impact of treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ), on anaemia markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Using the Centricity Electronic Medical Records from USA, patients with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed between January 2000 and April 2016, who initiated TCZ (n = 3732); tofacitinib (TOFA, n = 3126); other biologic DMARD (obDMARD, n = 55,964); or other non-biologic DMARD (onbDMARD, n = 91,236) were identified. Changes in haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) over 2 years of treatment initiation were evaluated, adjusting and balancing for confounders. RESULTS: Mean (95% CI) adjusted increase in Hb and Hct levels at 24 months in TCZ group were 0.23g/dL (0.14, 0.42) and 0.96% (0.41, 1.52) respectively. Among patients with anaemia in the TCZ group, Hb and Hct increased significantly by 0.72g/dL and 2.06%, respectively. Patients in the TCZ group were 86% (95% CI of OR: 1.43, 2.00) more likely to increase Hb >/= 1g/dL compared to the other groups combined. No clinically significant changes in Hb were observed in the other groups. The obDMARD group demonstrated lower Hct increase than TCZ group, while no significant changes were observed in the remaining groups. Compared to those who initiated TCZ therapy after 1 year of diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, those who initiated earlier were 95% (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.21; p < 0.001) more likely to increase Hb within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: This real-world study suggests significant increase in Hb and Hct levels after TCZ therapy in anaemic and non-anaemic patients with rheumatoid arthritis, compared with other biologic and non-biologic DMARDs.

Effects of tofacitinib in early arthritis-induced bone loss in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.[Pubmed:28968875]

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Aug 1;57(8):1461-1471.

Objectives: The main goal of this work was to analyse how treatment intervention with tofacitinib prevents the early disturbances of bone structure and mechanics in the rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. This is the first study to access the impact of tofacitinib on the skeletal bone effects of inflammation. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis were randomly housed in experimental groups, as follows: non-arthritic healthy group (n = 20); arthritic non-treated group (n = 20); and 10 animals undergoing tofacitinib treatment. Rats were monitored during 22 days after disease induction for the inflammatory score, ankle perimeter and body weight. Healthy non-arthritic rats were used as controls for comparison. After 22 days of disease progression, rats were killed and bone samples collected for histology, micro-CT, three-point bending and nanoindentation analysis. Blood samples were also collected for quantification of bone turnover markers and systemic cytokines. Results: At the tissue level, measured by nanoindentation, tofacitinib increased bone cortical and trabecular hardness. However, micro-CT and three-point bending tests revealed that tofacitinib did not reverse the effects of arthritis on the cortical and trabecular bone structure and on mechanical properties. Conclusion: Possible reasons for these observations might be related to the mechanism of action of tofacitinib, which leads to direct interactions with bone metabolism, and/or to the kinetics of its bone effects, which might need longer exposure.

Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective JAK3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.[Pubmed:28944566]

Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2017 Nov;350(11).

Selective inhibition of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) has been identified as an important strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Based on the unique cysteine 909 residue (Cys909) of JAK3 at the gatekeeper position, we have developed a new irreversible covalent inhibitor, III-4, which is highly potent and selective in targeting JAK3. Importantly, III-4 selectively inhibited JAK3 (IC50 = 57 +/- 1.21 nM) over other JAKs (IC50 > 10 microM) and Cys909 kinome members (IC50 > 1 microM). A cellular selectivity study also confirmed that III-4 preferentially inhibited JAK3 over JAK1 in JAK/STAT signaling. Moreover, the fact that III-4 covalently modified the Cys909 residue in JAK3 was clearly validated by mass spectrometry and covalent docking analysis. Based on the favorable target profiles, the pharmacokinetic properties and its low toxicity, III-4 exhibited better efficacy than tofacitinib in impeding disease progression in CIA mice, without any significant adverse effects. Taken together, III-4 is a potent, selective, and durable inhibitor of JAK3 and has the potential for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Tofacitinib in psoriatic arthritis.[Pubmed:28967798]

Immunotherapy. 2017 Nov;9(14):1153-1163.

Psoriatic arthritis is a heterogeneous disease that has been difficult to manage until the recent advent of biologics. However, there are still unmet medical needs for newer agents. Tofacitinib is a Janus family of kinases inhibitor approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis in many countries and psoriasis in Russia. We reviewed the evidences of tofacitinib in psoriatic arthritis treatment. The efficacy and safety profiles result from Phase III clinical trials (OPAL BROADEN and OPAL BEYOND) and one open-label extension study (OPAL BALANCE). Both tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice a day were superior to placebo for American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria response at 3 months and showed significant improvement of skin, enthesitis and dactylitis. Tofacitinib is a promising treatment option for psoriatic arthritis.

Newer treatments of psoriasis regarding IL-23 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and Janus kinase inhibitors.[Pubmed:28994166]

Dermatol Ther. 2017 Nov;30(6).

The rapid progress of genetic engineering furthermore opens up new prospects in the therapy of this difficult-to-treat disease. IL-23 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are currently encouraging further research. Two drugs which are IL-23 inhibitors are now in phase III of clinical trials. The aim of the action of both drugs is selective IL-23 inhibition by targeting the p19 subunit. Guselkumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody. Tildrakizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which also belongs to IgG class and is targeted to subunit p19 of interleukin 23 (IL-23). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors exert an anti-inflammatory action and their most common group is the PDE4 family. PDE4 inhibits cAMP, which reduces the inflammatory response of the pathway of Th helper lymphocytes, Th17, and type 1 interferon which modulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 interleukins. The Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Tofacitinib suppresses the expression of IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 receptors during the stimulation of lymphocytes. Ruxolitinib is a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 kinases and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This article is a review of the aforementioned drugs as described in the latest available literature.

Description

Tofacitinib is an orally available JAK3/2/1 inhibitor with IC50s of 1, 20, and 112 nM, respectively.

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