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Cyromazine

CAS# 66215-27-8

Cyromazine

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Chemical structure

Cyromazine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Cyromazine

Cas No. 66215-27-8 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 47866 Appearance Powder
Formula C6H10N6 M.Wt 166.18
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Cyromazin; CGA-72662
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 1.8 mg/mL (10.83 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name 2-N-cyclopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
SMILES C1CC1NC2=NC(=NC(=N2)N)N
Standard InChIKey LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C6H10N6/c7-4-10-5(8)12-6(11-4)9-3-1-2-3/h3H,1-2H2,(H5,7,8,9,10,11,12)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Cyromazine Dilution Calculator

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Cyromazine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Cyromazine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 6.0176 mL 30.0879 mL 60.1757 mL 120.3514 mL 150.4393 mL
5 mM 1.2035 mL 6.0176 mL 12.0351 mL 24.0703 mL 30.0879 mL
10 mM 0.6018 mL 3.0088 mL 6.0176 mL 12.0351 mL 15.0439 mL
50 mM 0.1204 mL 0.6018 mL 1.2035 mL 2.407 mL 3.0088 mL
100 mM 0.0602 mL 0.3009 mL 0.6018 mL 1.2035 mL 1.5044 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Cyromazine

Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator used as an insecticide and an acaricide. It is a cyclopropyl derivative of melamine. Cyromazine works by affecting the nervous system of the immature larval stages of certain insects.

References:
[1]. Levot GW, et al. Survival advantage of cyromazine-resistant sheep blowfly larvae on dicyclanil- and cyromazine-treated Merinos. Aust Vet J. 2014 Nov;92(11):421-6. [2]. Levot GW, et al. Survival advantage of cyromazine-resistant sheep blowfly larvae on dicyclanil- and cyromazine-treated Merinos. Aust Vet J. 2014 Nov;92(11):421-6.

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References on Cyromazine

Cyromazine resistance in a field strain of house flies, Musca domestica L.: Resistance risk assessment and bio-chemical mechanism.[Pubmed:27728890]

Chemosphere. 2017 Jan;167:308-313.

Developing resistance management strategies for eco-friendly insecticides is essential for the management of insect pests without harming the environment. Cyromazine is a biorational insecticide with very low mammalian toxicity. Resistance to Cyromazine has recently been reported in house flies from Punjab, Pakistan. In order to propose a resistance management strategy for Cyromazine, experiments were planned to study risk for resistance development, possibility of cross-resistance and bio-chemical mechanisms. A field strain of house flies with 8.78 fold resistance ratio (RR) to Cyromazine was re-selected under laboratory conditions. After seven rounds of selection (G1-G7), the RR values rapidly increased from 8.8 to 211 fold. However, these values declined to 81fold when the Cyromazine selected (CYR-SEL) strain was reared without selection pressure, suggesting an unstable nature of resistance. The CYR-SEL strain showed lack of cross-resistance to pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, and methoxyfenozide. Synergism bioassays using enzyme inhibitors: piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF), and metabolic enzyme analyses revealed increased activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) in the CYR-SEL strain compared to the laboratory susceptible (Lab-susceptible) strain, suggesting the metabolic resistance mechanism responsible for Cyromazine resistance in the CYR-SEL strain. In conclusion, risk of rapid development of Cyromazine resistance under consistent selection pressure discourages the sole reliance on Cyromazine for controlling house flies in the field. The unstable nature of Cyromazine resistance provides window for restoring Cyromazine susceptibility by uplifting selection pressure in the field. Moreover, lack of cross-resistance between Cyromazine and pyriproxyfen, diflubenzuron, or methoxyfenozide in the CYR-SEL strain suggest that Cyromazine could be rotated with these insecticides whenever resistance crisis occur in the field.

Lethal Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Cyromazine Against Three Species of Filth Flies, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Fannia canicularis (Diptera: Muscidae) in Cattle, Swine, and Chicken Manure.[Pubmed:28122880]

J Econ Entomol. 2017 Apr 1;110(2):776-782.

The presence of various species of filth flies is a widespread problem where livestock, including poultry, are maintained and where manure accumulates. The house fly, Musca domestica L.; the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.); and the little house fly, Fannia canicularis (L.) (each Diptera: Muscidae), the target pests in our study, can mechanically spread diseases, and S. calcitrans can bite cattle, causing losses in meat and milk production. Chemical control is widely used to suppress filth flies, but resistance to conventional insecticides has become problematic. Hence, an alternative approach, insect growth regulators (IGRs), has been adopted by many livestock producers. We assessed the ability of the IGR Cyromazine in granular and granular-based aqueous formulations to suppress the three muscid species from developing in poultry, cattle, and swine manure collected from commercial livestock production facilities. Each of the two formulations provided either strong or complete control of the pests for the 4-wk duration of the study, excluding the granular formulation that provides control of only F. canicularis developing in poultry manure for 2 wk. The two Cyromazine-based IGR formulations appear to be effective tools that, if rotated appropriately with other insecticides, can be incorporated into integrated pest management strategies for filth fly suppression.

Attapulgite Nanoparticles-Modified Monolithic Column for Hydrophilic In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction of Cyromazine and Melamine.[Pubmed:26743944]

Anal Chem. 2016 Feb 2;88(3):1535-41.

In current study, a novel monolithic capillary column with embedded attapulgite nanoparticles has been developed and exploited as a stationary phase in hydrophilic in-tube solid phase microextraction (SPME) of Cyromazine and melamine. The fibrillar attapulgite nanoparticles were embedded in the poly(1-vinyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfonate) imidazolium-co-acrylamide-co-N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)) (poly(VBSIm-AM-MBA)) monolith via in situ polymerization. The attapulgite/polymerization ratio of the monolith was finely optimized. Primary factors of in-tube SPME including sample solvent, elution solvent, sample loading volume, elution volume, sample loading flow rate, and elution flow rate were thoroughly evaluated. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were found to be 21.1 and 0.3 ng mL(-1) for Cyromazine and melamine in the milk formula sample, respectively. Also, the recoveries of Cyromazine and melamine spiked in the sample ranged from 94.5% to 109.9% with RSDs less than 7.6%.

Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine following oral administration in laying chickens.[Pubmed:27900792]

J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Oct;40(5):459-467.

The study was designed to characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles (including eggs) of Cyromazine (CYR) in chickens following oral administration alone or in combination with melamine (MEL). In order to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of CYR, chickens were administered 1 or 10 mg/kg (single oral doses), whereas residue studies were conducted in chickens fed CYR alone (5 or 10 mg/kg) or CYR (5 mg/kg) and MEL (5 mg/kg) for a period of 14 days. Estimates for the apparent volume of distribution (1.66 L/kg), clearance (7.17 mL/kg/min), and elimination half-life (2.82 h) were derived by noncompartmental analyses. The highest concentration of CYR occurred in liver but fell below detectable limits within 3 days following drug withdrawal from feed. Combined feeding of MEL with CYR did not significantly alter CYR tissue levels. CYR residues were detected only in egg white and were undetectable at the 2nd day postadministration. No MEL was found in eggs unless it had been added to the feed, and when present, it almost exclusively restricted to the egg white. Based upon the results of this initial study of CYR pharmacokinetics and residue depletion, it appears that use of CYR as a feed additive either alone (5 or 10 mg/kg) or in combination with MEL (both agents at 5 mg/kg) does not produce unsafe residue levels in edible products as long as appropriate withdrawal periods are followed for tissues (3 days) and eggs (2 days). However, our results indicate that adoption of a zero-day withdrawal period should be reconsidered in light of these results.

Description

Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator used as an insecticide and an acaricide.

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