Morphine hydrochloride

Narcotic opioid analgesic CAS# 52-26-6

Morphine hydrochloride

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Chemical structure

Morphine hydrochloride

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Morphine hydrochloride

Cas No. 52-26-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5464110 Appearance Powder
Formula C17H20ClNO3 M.Wt 321.8
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble to 50 mM in water
Chemical Name (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol;hydrochloride
SMILES CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(C=C4)O.Cl
Standard InChIKey XCKKIKBIPZJUET-VYKNHSEDSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C17H19NO3.ClH/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18;/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3;1H/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-;/m0./s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Morphine hydrochloride

DescriptionNarcotic opioid analgesic.

Morphine hydrochloride Dilution Calculator

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Morphine hydrochloride Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Morphine hydrochloride

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.1075 mL 15.5376 mL 31.0752 mL 62.1504 mL 77.688 mL
5 mM 0.6215 mL 3.1075 mL 6.215 mL 12.4301 mL 15.5376 mL
10 mM 0.3108 mL 1.5538 mL 3.1075 mL 6.215 mL 7.7688 mL
50 mM 0.0622 mL 0.3108 mL 0.6215 mL 1.243 mL 1.5538 mL
100 mM 0.0311 mL 0.1554 mL 0.3108 mL 0.6215 mL 0.7769 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Morphine hydrochloride

Intraspinal administration of morphine hydrochloride combined with low doses of bupivacaine in hemorrhoidectomy: a clinical randomized trial.[Pubmed:28256813]

Minerva Anestesiol. 2017 Sep;83(9):930-938.

BACKGROUND: Intrathecal local anesthetics, associated or not to opioids, is commonplace in anorectal surgery, but it is unknown which is the option with the best risk-benefit ratio. The main aim was to assess whether the combination of morphine (50 mcg) with low-dose bupivacaine (3 mg) in an intradural solution has a better analgesic short-term effect than bupivacaine alone at standard doses (5 mg) in hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Sixty-six patients of any sex were randomly assigned to two alternative treatments and 63 patients were considered valid for analysis. Hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 mg combined with 50 mcg of intradural Morphine hydrochloride (BUP-MOR group) was compared with 5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (BUP group). The primary outcome was pain evaluated through a visual analog scale (from 0 to 100 mm) at 24 hours post-surgery. The proportion of patients requiring rescue analgesia, and those presenting with motor blockade and other adverse events was also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: BUP-MOR group showed a higher efficacy than BUP group in the visual analog scale at 24 hours postsurgery (15+/-12 vs. 33+/-22 mm; P<0.001). Also, BUP-MOR group presented a lower percentage of patients who needed rescue analgesia at resuscitation room (6.7% vs. 24.2%; P=0.08) and a lower proportion of patients who had motor blockade (23.3% vs. 51.5%; P=0.02), while they presented a non-significant increased incidence of urinary retention (23.3% vs. 9.0%; P=0.17). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of intradural morphine allows a reduction in the dosage of local anesthetic improves short-term postoperative analgesia and is associated with less motor blockade.

Safety profile of extended-release morphine sulfate with sequestered naltrexone hydrochloride in older patients: pooled analysis of three clinical trials.[Pubmed:26695349]

Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(3):563-72.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical trial safety data following chronic administration of extended-release opioids within an older population is limited. Embeda * is an extended-release formulation of morphine sulfate surrounding sequestered naltrexone hydrochloride (MSN) and is designed to deter opioid misuse and abuse. The present analysis compared pooled safety outcomes among patients aged >/=65 years and those aged <65 years from three phase 2/3 studies (ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months) in patients treated with MSN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subgroup analysis of patients aged >/=65 years and <65 years was performed on pooled data for adverse events (AEs), potentially clinically significant laboratory values (hematology/chemistry), and signs/symptoms of opioid withdrawal using the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) (phase 3 trials only) for patients who received at least one dose (short-term studies, maximum dose was 160 mg/d or 320 mg/d depending on study; long-term study, no maximum dose) of study medication during titration and maintenance phases. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00420992, NCT00415597. RESULTS: During titration, 173 (17.1%) of 1012 patients treated with MSN were aged >/=65 years, while during maintenance 76/564 (13.5%) patients were aged >/=65 years. Treatment-emergent AEs were similar in frequency and type between the two cohorts, with the most common being constipation, nausea, and somnolence; no consistent patterns relating to age and only one possibly treatment-related serious AE in patients >/=65 years was noted. No clinically significant differences in laboratory values or COWS scores (average maximum score /=65 years and <65 years. Key limitations include the variable study designs and length of treatment (2 weeks-12 months), small sample size, and the inclusion of only those patients who were otherwise in relatively good health with restrictions on concomitant medications.

Development of Poly(lactide-co-glicolide) Nanoparticles Incorporating Morphine Hydrochloride to Prolong its Circulation in Blood.[Pubmed:27908267]

Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(13):2015-2025.

BACKGROUND: Formulations incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used to prolong drug release. In this regard, poly(lactide-co-glicolide) (PLGA) is often used in their preparation due to its high degree of biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the present study, morphine HCl is incorporated in PLGA-NPs and different preparation alternatives are evaluated for their effects on the properties, stability and capacity of encapsulation. METHODS: NPs were prepared by a double emulsion solvent diffusion-ammonium loading (DESD-AL) or double emulsion solvent diffusion-traditional (DESD-T) technique. NP morphology, size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. In vitro studies were performed in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37 masculineC and deionized water at 4 masculineC. Adult male Swiss mice were used to study the pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. RESULTS: Our results show that DESD-AL provides a higher level of morphine entrapment and that increasing the sonication time reduces the size but does not appreciably reduce the entrapment percentage. It was also observed that NP stability was greater when Pluronic F68 was used rather than PVA, and that in vitro assays provided better results with low concentrations of both stabilizers. Lyophilized NPs, after rehydration showed properties that were only slightly different from those of the untreated ones, with no sign of precipitation or aggregation. Finally, the obtained NPs enhanced morphine bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, a useful method for encapsulating morphine in order to obtain an extended delivery period is described and its effects are compared with those of the free drug.

A multicenter, primary-care-based, open-label study to assess the success of converting opioid-experienced patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain to morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride extended-release capsules using a standardized conversion guide.[Pubmed:26185466]

J Pain Res. 2015 Jul 8;8:347-60.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the conversion of opioid-experienced patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain to extended-release morphine sulfate with sequestered naltrexone hydrochloride (MSN) using a standardized conversion guide. METHODS: This open-label, single-arm study was conducted in 157 primary care centers in the United States. A total of 684 opioid-experienced adults with chronic moderate-to-severe pain were converted to oral administration of MSN from transdermal fentanyl and oral formulations of hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, and other morphine products using a standardized conversion guide. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving a stable MSN dose within a 6-week titration phase. Secondary endpoints included duration of time to stable dose, number of titration steps, safety and efficacy measures, and investigator assessment of conversion guide utility. RESULTS: Of the 684 patients, 51.3% were converted to a stable dose of MSN (95% confidence interval: 47.5%, 55.1%). The mean (standard deviation) number of days to stable dose was 20 (8.94), and number of titration steps to stable dose was 2.4 (1.37). The majority of adverse events were mild/moderate and consistent with opioid therapy. Mean pain scores at stable dose decreased from baseline. Investigators were generally satisfied with the conversion guide and, in 94% of cases, reported they would use it again. CONCLUSION: Conversion to MSN treatment using the standardized MSN conversion guide was an attainable goal in approximately half of the population of opioid-experienced patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain. Investigators found the guide to be a useful tool to assist conversion of opioid-experienced patients to MSN.

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