Otenabant

CB1 receptor antagonist CAS# 686344-29-6

Otenabant

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Quality Control of Otenabant

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Chemical structure

Otenabant

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Otenabant

Cas No. 686344-29-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 10052040 Appearance Powder
Formula C25H25Cl2N7O M.Wt 510.42
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms CP-945598
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (195.92 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name 1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)purin-6-yl]-4-(ethylamino)piperidine-4-carboxamide
SMILES CCNC1(CCN(CC1)C2=NC=NC3=C2N=C(N3C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)C5=CC=CC=C5Cl)C(=O)N
Standard InChIKey UNAZAADNBYXMIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C25H25Cl2N7O/c1-2-31-25(24(28)35)11-13-33(14-12-25)22-20-23(30-15-29-22)34(17-9-7-16(26)8-10-17)21(32-20)18-5-3-4-6-19(18)27/h3-10,15,31H,2,11-14H2,1H3,(H2,28,35)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Otenabant

DescriptionOtenabant is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist with Ki of 0.7 nM, exhibits 10,000-fold greater selectivity against human CB2 receptor.In Vitro:Otenabant HCl has low affinity with Ki of 7.6 μM for human CB2 receptors[1]. Otenabant HCl inhibits CB1 receptor with moderate unbound microsomal clearance, low hERG affinity, and adequate CNS penetration[2].In Vivo:Otenabant acutely stimulates energy expenditure in rats and decreases the respiratory quotient indicating a metabolic switch to increased fat oxidation. Otenabant (10 mg/kg, p.o.) promotes a 9%, vehicle adjusted weight loss in a 10 day weight loss study in diet-induced obese mice[1]. Otenabant HCl reverses four cannabinoid agonistmediated behaviors (locomotor activity, hypothermia, analgesia, and catalepsy) following administration of the synthetic CB1 receptor agonist CP-55940. Otenabant HCl exhibits dose-dependent anorectic activity in a model of acute food intake in rodents and increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation[2].

References:
[1]. John R. Hadcock, et al. In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of CP-945,598, a potent and selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist for the management of obesity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2010; 394;366-371. [2]. Griffith DA, et al. Discovery of 1-[9-(4-chlorophenyl) -8-(2-chlorophenyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl] -4-ethylaminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride (CP-945,598), a novel, potent, and selective cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist. JMedChem. 2009 ;5

Protocol

Kinase Assay [2]
Membranes are prepared from CHOK1 cells stably transfected with the human CB-1 receptor cDNA. GTPγ [35S] binding assays are performed in a 96-well FlashPlate format in duplicate using 100 pM GTPγ [35S] and 10μg membrane per well in assay buffer composed of 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4, 3 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 20 mM EGTA, 100 mM NaCl, 30 µM GDP, 0.1% bovine serum albumin, and the following protease inhibitors: 100 μg/mL bacitracin, 100 μg/mL benzamidine, 5 μg/mL aprotinin, 5 μg/mL leupeptin. The assay mix is then incubated with increasing concentrations of antagonist (10-10 M to 10-5 M) for 10 min and challenged with the cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940 (10 μM). Assays are performed at 30°C for 1 h. The FlashPlates are then centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 min. Stimulation of GTPγ [35S] binding is then quantified using a Wallac Microbeta. EC50 calculations are done using Prism by GraphPad. Inverse agonism is measured in the absence of agonist.

Animal Administration [1]
Male, 14 week old C57/Bl6/6J mice which has been maintained on a high fat diet (45% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks are selected for the DIO weight loss study. The animals body weights range at least five standard deviations from age-matched chow-fed control animals mean body weight. Mice are singly housed. The mean starting weight of all animals is 38.9±0.5 g. On day 0, mice are randomLy assigned to treatment groups (n=10 per group). Mice are dosed daily with vehicle or 10 mg/kg (p.o.) CP-945,598 over 10 days, starting approximately at 30 min before the start of the 12 h dark cycle. BW and food intake are recorded daily. Analysis of variance and comparison of means are calculated for daily and cumulative FI and cumulative BW measurements. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

References:
[1]. John R. Hadcock, et al. In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of CP-945,598, a potent and selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist for the management of obesity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2010; 394;366-371. [2]. Griffith DA, et al. Discovery of 1-[9-(4-chlorophenyl) -8-(2-chlorophenyl)- 9H-purin-6-yl] -4-ethylaminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide hydrochloride (CP-945,598), a novel, potent, and selective cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist. JMedChem. 2009 ;5

Otenabant Dilution Calculator

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Otenabant Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Otenabant

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.9592 mL 9.7959 mL 19.5917 mL 39.1834 mL 48.9793 mL
5 mM 0.3918 mL 1.9592 mL 3.9183 mL 7.8367 mL 9.7959 mL
10 mM 0.1959 mL 0.9796 mL 1.9592 mL 3.9183 mL 4.8979 mL
50 mM 0.0392 mL 0.1959 mL 0.3918 mL 0.7837 mL 0.9796 mL
100 mM 0.0196 mL 0.098 mL 0.1959 mL 0.3918 mL 0.4898 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Otenabant

IC 50 value: 0.7nM(Ki for binding)/0.2 nM (Ki for function) Otenabant (CP-945,598) is a recently discovered selective, high affinity, competitive CB1 receptor antagonist that inhibits both basal and cannabinoid agonist-mediated CB1 receptor signaling. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists exhibit pharmacologic properties favorable for the treatment of metabolic disease. in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo data indicate that Otenabant (CP-945,598) is a novel CB(1) receptor competitive antagonist that may further our understanding of the endocannabinoid system[1]. in vitro : Otenabant (CP-945,598) exhibits sub-nanomolar potency at human CB1 receptors in both binding (Ki = 0.7 nM) and functional assays (Ki = 0.2 nM). The compound has low affinity (Ki = 7600 nM) for human CB2 receptors[1]. in vivo: Otenabant (CP-945,598) reverses four cannabinoid agonist-mediated CNS-driven responses (hypo-locomotion, hypothermia, analgesia, and catalepsy) to a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Otenabant (CP-945,598) exhibits dose and concentration-dependent anorectic activity in two models of acute food intake in rodents, fast-induced re-feeding and spontaneous, nocturnal feeding. Otenabant (CP-945,598) also acutely stimulates energy expenditure in rats and decreases the respiratory quotient indicating a metabolic switch to increased fat oxidation. CP-945,598 at 10 mg/kg promoted a 9%, vehicle adjusted weight loss in a 10 day weight loss study in diet-induced obese mice[1]. After oral administration of a single dose of [(14)C]CP-945,598. Total mean recoveries of the radioactive dose were 97.7, 97.8, and 99.3% from mice, rats, and dogs respectively[2]. Clinical trail: A phase 1 study of the roles of endocannabinoids in insulin secretion and action is recruiting.

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References on Otenabant

Pharmacological comparison of traditional and non-traditional cannabinoid receptor 1 blockers in rodent models in vivo.[Pubmed:28666894]

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2017 Aug;159:24-35.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonists have been proven to be effective anti-obesity drugs; however, psychiatric side effects have halted their pharmaceutical development worldwide. Despite the emergence of next generation CB1R blockers, a preclinical head to head comparison of the anti-obesity and psychiatric side effect profiles of the key compounds has not been performed. Here, we compared classical CB1R antagonists (rimonabant, taranabant, Otenabant, ibipinabant, and surinabant) and non-traditional CB1R blockers (the partial agonist O-1269, the neutral antagonists VCHSR and LH-21 and the peripherally acting inverse agonist JD-5037) using an in vivo screening cascade. First, the potencies of these compounds to reduce CB1R agonist-induced hypothermia and decrease fasting-induced food intake were determined. Then, equipotent doses of the non-toxic compounds were compared in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) test, which includes measurements of metabolic syndrome markers. Psychiatric side effects were assessed by measuring anxiogenicity in an ultrasonic vocalization test. All classical CB1R blockers were centrally acting appetite suppressants and decreased body weight and food intake in an obesity-dependent manner, with only slight effects on metabolic syndrome markers. In addition, all classical CB1R blockers increased ultrasonic vocalization. Surprisingly, none of the non-classical CB1R blockers was eligible for the DIO comparison and side effect profiling. O-1269 and LH-21 induced convulsive behavior, whereas VCHSR and JD-5037 were devoid of any in vivo activity. The classical CB1R blockers displayed similar therapeutic and side effect profiles in vivo, whereas the available non-traditional CB1R blockers were not appropriate tools for testing the therapeutic potential of alternative CB1R inhibitors.

Peripherally selective diphenyl purine antagonist of the CB1 receptor.[Pubmed:24041123]

J Med Chem. 2013 Oct 24;56(20):8066-72.

Antagonists of the CB1 receptor can be useful in the treatment of several important disorders. However, to date, the only clinically approved CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, was withdrawn because of adverse central nervous system (CNS)-related side effects. Since rimonabant's withdrawal, several groups are pursuing peripherally selective CB1 antagonists. These compounds are expected to be devoid of undesirable CNS-related effects but maintain efficacy through antagonism of peripherally expressed CB1 receptors. Reported here are our latest results toward the development of a peripherally selective analog of the diphenyl purine CB1 antagonist Otenabant 1. Compound 9 (N-{1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]piperidin-4-yl}pentana mide) is a potent, orally absorbed antagonist of the CB1 receptor that is >50-fold selective for CB1 over CB2, highly selective for the periphery in a rodent model, and without efficacy in a series of in vivo assays designed to evaluate its ability to mitigate the central effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol through the CB1 receptor.

Relative contributions of cytochrome CYP3A4 versus CYP3A5 for CYP3A-cleared drugs assessed in vitro using a CYP3A4-selective inactivator (CYP3cide).[Pubmed:24737844]

Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Jul;42(7):1163-73.

Metabolism by cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) is the most prevalent clearance pathway for drugs. Designation of metabolism by CYP3A commonly refers to the potential contribution by one or both of two enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. The metabolic turnover of 32 drugs known to be largely metabolized by CYP3A was examined in human liver microsomes (HLMs) from CYP3A5 expressers (*1/*1 genotype) and nonexpressers (*3/*3 genotype) in the presence and absence of ketoconazole and CYP3cide (a selective CYP3A4 inactivator) to calculate the contribution of CYP3A5 to metabolism. Drugs with the highest contribution of CYP3A5 included atazanavir, vincristine, midazolam, vardenafil, Otenabant, verapamil, and tacrolimus, whereas 17 of the 32 tested showed negligible CYP3A5 contribution. For specific reactions in HLMs from *1/*1 donors, CYP3A5 contributes 55% and 44% to midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, 16% to testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation, 56% and 19% to alprazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, 10% to tamoxifen N-demethylation, and 58% to atazanavir p-hydroxylation. Comparison of the in vitro observations to clinical pharmacokinetic data showed only a weak relationship between estimated contribution by CYP3A5 and impact of CYP3A5 genotype on oral clearance, in large part because of the scatter in clinical data and the low numbers of study subjects used in CYP3A5 pharmacogenetics studies. These data should be useful in guiding which drugs should be evaluated for differences in pharmacokinetics and metabolism between subjects expressing CYP3A5 and those who do not express this enzyme.

Diphenyl purine derivatives as peripherally selective cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists.[Pubmed:23098108]

J Med Chem. 2012 Nov 26;55(22):10022-32.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists are potentially useful for the treatment of several diseases. However, clinical development of several CB1 antagonists was halted due to central nervous system (CNS)-related side effects including depression and suicidal ideation in some users. Recently, studies have indicated that selective regulation of CB1 receptors in the periphery is a viable strategy for treating several important disorders. Past efforts to develop peripherally selective antagonists of CB1 have largely targeted rimonabant, an inverse agonist of CB1. Reported here are our efforts toward developing a peripherally selective CB1 antagonist based on the Otenabant scaffold. Even though Otenabant penetrates the CNS, it is unique among CB1 antagonists that have been clinically tested because it has properties that are normally associated with peripherally selective compounds. Our efforts have resulted in an orally absorbed compound that is a potent and selective CB1 antagonist with limited penetration into the CNS.

(4-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)(cyclohexyl)methanone hydrochloride (LDK1229): a new cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist from the class of benzhydryl piperazine analogs.[Pubmed:25411367]

Mol Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;87(2):197-206.

Some inverse agonists of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) have been demonstrated to be anorectic antiobesity drug candidates. However, the first generation of CB1 inverse agonists, represented by rimonabant (SR141716A), Otenabant, and taranabant, are centrally active, with a high level of psychiatric side effects. Hence, the discovery of CB1 inverse agonists with a chemical scaffold distinct from these holds promise for developing peripherally active CB1 inverse agonists with fewer side effects. We generated a new CB1 inverse agonist, (4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)(cyclohexyl)methanone hydrochloride (LDK1229), from the class of benzhydryl piperazine analogs. This compound binds to CB1 more selectively than cannabinoid receptor type 2, with a Ki value of 220 nM. Comparable CB1 binding was also observed by analogs 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-cinnamylpiperazine dihydrochloride (LDK1203) and 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-tosylpiperazine hydrochloride (LDK1222), which differed by the substitution on the piperazine ring where the piperazine of LDK1203 and LDK1222 are substituted by an alkyl group and a tosyl group, respectively. LDK1229 exhibits efficacy comparable with SR141716A in antagonizing the basal G protein coupling activity of CB1, as indicated by a reduction in guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate binding. Consistent with inverse agonist behavior, increased cell surface localization of CB1 upon treatment with LDK1229 was also observed. Although docking and mutational analysis showed that LDK1229 forms similar interactions with the receptor as SR141716A does, the benzhydryl piperazine scaffold is structurally distinct from the first-generation CB1 inverse agonists. It offers new opportunities for developing novel CB1 inverse agonists through the optimization of molecular properties, such as the polar surface area and hydrophilicity, to reduce the central activity observed with SR141716A.

Description

Otenabant is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist with Ki of 0.7 nM, exhibits 10,000-fold greater selectivity against human CB2 receptor.

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