CX-5461

Pol I-mediated rRNA synthesis inhibitor CAS# 1138549-36-6

CX-5461

Catalog No. BCC3700----Order now to get a substantial discount!

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Chemical structure

CX-5461

3D structure

Chemical Properties of CX-5461

Cas No. 1138549-36-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 25257557 Appearance Powder
Formula C27H27N7O2S M.Wt 513.61
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
Chemical Name 2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-[(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-5-oxo-[1,3]benzothiazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxamide
SMILES CC1=CN=C(C=N1)CNC(=O)C2=C3N(C4=CC=CC=C4S3)C5=C(C2=O)C=CC(=N5)N6CCCN(CC6)C
Standard InChIKey XGPBJCHFROADCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C27H27N7O2S/c1-17-14-29-18(15-28-17)16-30-26(36)23-24(35)19-8-9-22(33-11-5-10-32(2)12-13-33)31-25(19)34-20-6-3-4-7-21(20)37-27(23)34/h3-4,6-9,14-15H,5,10-13,16H2,1-2H3,(H,30,36)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of CX-5461

DescriptionCX-5461 is an inhibitor of rRNA synthesis with IC50 of 142 nM for Pol I-driven transcription of rRNA,
TargetsPol IHCT-116A375MIA PaCa-2    
IC50142 nM167 nM (ED50)58 nM (ED50)74 nM (ED50)    

Protocol

Cell Assay [1]
Cells are plated on 96-well plates and treated the next day with dose response of CX-5461 for 96 hours. Cell viability is determined using Alamar Blue and CyQUANT assays[1].

Animal Administration [1]
Mice[1] Animal experiments are performed with 5- to 6-week-old female athymic (NCr nu/nu fisol) mice of Balb/c. Mice are inoculated with athymic (NCr nu/nu fisol) mice in 100 μL of cell suspension subcutaneously in the right flank. Tumor measurements are performed by caliper analysis, and tumor volume is calculated using the formula (l×w2)/2, where w=width and l=length in mm of the tumor. established tumors (appr 110-120 mm3) are randomized into vehicle (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 4.5), gemcitabine, or CX-5461 treatment groups. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) is determined on the last day of study according to the formula: TGI (%)=[100 − (VfD− ViD)/ (VfV − ViV) × 100], where ViV is the initial mean tumor volume in vehicle-treated group, VfV is the final mean tumor volume in vehicle-treated group, ViD is the initial mean tumor volume in drug-treated group, and VfD is the final mean tumor volume in drug-treated group.

References:
[1]. Drygin D et al. Targeting RNA polymerase I with an oral small molecule CX-5461 inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis and solid tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;71(4):1418-30. [2]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA Polymerase I as a Therapeutic Strategy to Promote Cancer-Specific Activation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65.

CX-5461 Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of CX-5461

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.947 mL 9.735 mL 19.47 mL 38.9401 mL 48.6751 mL
5 mM 0.3894 mL 1.947 mL 3.894 mL 7.788 mL 9.735 mL
10 mM 0.1947 mL 0.9735 mL 1.947 mL 3.894 mL 4.8675 mL
50 mM 0.0389 mL 0.1947 mL 0.3894 mL 0.7788 mL 0.9735 mL
100 mM 0.0195 mL 0.0974 mL 0.1947 mL 0.3894 mL 0.4868 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on CX-5461

CX-5461 is a potent and orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of rRNA synthesis that specifically inhibits RNA polymerase (Pol) I-driven transcription with IC50 value of 142 nM. CX-5461 exhibits antiproliferative activity against human pancreatic tumor cells MIA Paca-2, human melanoma cells A375 and colorectal carcinoma cells HCT-116 with EC50 values of 74, 58, and 167 nmol/L, respectively. [1].

CX-5461 was revealed to inhibit Pol I transcription via promoting the stabilization of p53. In addition, CX-5461 has been demonstrated to induce autophagy and senescence but not apoptosis in MIA Paca-2 and A375 cell lines.

In vivo, CX-5461 has shown to suppress tumor volume in both MIA Paca-2 and A375 derived xenograft mice models [1].

References:
[1] Drygin D1, Lin A, Bliesath J, Ho CB, O'Brien SE, Proffitt C, Omori M, Haddach M, Schwaebe MK, Siddiqui-Jain A, Streiner N, Quin JE, Sanij E, Bywater MJ,Hannan RD, Ryckman D, Anderes K, Rice WG. Targeting RNA polymerase I with an oral small molecule CX-5461 inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis and solid tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;71(4):1418-30

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References on CX-5461

RNA Polymerase I Inhibition with CX-5461 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Target MYC in Multiple Myeloma.[Pubmed:28369725]

Br J Haematol. 2017 Apr;177(1):80-94.

Dysregulation of MYC is frequently implicated in both early and late myeloma progression events, yet its therapeutic targeting has remained a challenge. Among key MYC downstream targets is ribosomal biogenesis, enabling increases in protein translational capacity necessary to support the growth and self-renewal programmes of malignant cells. We therefore explored the selective targeting of ribosomal biogenesis with the small molecule RNA polymerase (pol) I inhibitor CX-5461 in myeloma. CX-5461 induced significant growth inhibition in wild-type (WT) and mutant TP53 myeloma cell lines and primary samples, in association with increases in downstream markers of apoptosis. Moreover, Pol I inhibition overcame adhesion-mediated drug resistance and resistance to conventional and novel agents. To probe the TP53-independent mechanisms of CX-5461, gene expression profiling was performed on isogenic TP53 WT and knockout cell lines and revealed reduction of MYC downstream targets. Mechanistic studies confirmed that CX-5461 rapidly suppressed both MYC protein and MYC mRNA levels. The latter was associated with an increased binding of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) subunits TARBP2 and AGO2, the ribosomal protein RPL5, and MYC mRNA, resulting in increased MYC transcript degradation. Collectively, these studies provide a rationale for the clinical translation of CX-5461 as a novel therapeutic approach to target MYC in myeloma.

CX-5461 is a DNA G-quadruplex stabilizer with selective lethality in BRCA1/2 deficient tumours.[Pubmed:28211448]

Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 17;8:14432.

G-quadruplex DNAs form four-stranded helical structures and are proposed to play key roles in different cellular processes. Targeting G-quadruplex DNAs for cancer treatment is a very promising prospect. Here, we show that CX-5461 is a G-quadruplex stabilizer, with specific toxicity against BRCA deficiencies in cancer cells and polyclonal patient-derived xenograft models, including tumours resistant to PARP inhibition. Exposure to CX-5461, and its related drug CX-3543, blocks replication forks and induces ssDNA gaps or breaks. The BRCA and NHEJ pathways are required for the repair of CX-5461 and CX-3543-induced DNA damage and failure to do so leads to lethality. These data strengthen the concept of G4 targeting as a therapeutic approach, specifically for targeting HR and NHEJ deficient cancers and other tumours deficient for DNA damage repair. CX-5461 is now in advanced phase I clinical trial for patients with BRCA1/2 deficient tumours (Canadian trial, NCT02719977, opened May 2016).

Therapeutic Targeting of RNA Polymerase I With the Small-Molecule CX-5461 for Prevention of Arterial Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia.[Pubmed:28062495]

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017 Mar;37(3):476-484.

OBJECTIVE: RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-dependent rRNA synthesis is a determinant factor in ribosome biogenesis and thus cell proliferation. The importance of dysregulated Pol I activity in cardiovascular disease, however, has not been recognized. Here, we tested the hypothesis that specific inhibition of Pol I might prevent arterial injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS: CX-5461 is a novel selective Pol I inhibitor. Using this tool, we demonstrated that local inhibition of Pol I blocked balloon injury-induced neointima formation in rat carotid arteries in vivo. Neointimal development was associated with augmented rDNA transcriptional activity as evidenced by the increased phosphorylation of upstream binding factor-1. The beneficial effect of CX-5461 was mainly mediated by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest of proliferating smooth muscle cells without obvious apoptosis. CX-5461 did not induce p53 stabilization but increased p53 phosphorylation and acetylation and activated the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway. Inhibition of ATR, but not of ataxia telangiectasia mutated, abolished the cytostatic effect of CX-5461 and p53 phosphorylation. In addition, inhibition of p53 or knockdown of the p53 target GADD45 mimicked the effect of ATR inhibition. In vivo experiments showed that the levels of phospho-p53 and acetyl-p53, and activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ATR pathway were all augmented in CX-5461-treated vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Pol I can be therapeutically targeted to inhibit the growth of neointima, supporting that Pol I is a novel biological target for preventing arterial restenosis. Mechanistically, Pol I inhibition elicited G2/M cell cycle arrest in smooth muscle cells via activation of the ATR-p53 axis.

CX-5461 induces autophagy and inhibits tumor growth via mammalian target of rapamycin-related signaling pathways in osteosarcoma.[Pubmed:27729807]

Onco Targets Ther. 2016 Sep 29;9:5985-5997.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor, but molecular mechanisms of the disease have not been well understood, and treatment of metastatic OS remains a challenge. Rapid ribosomal RNA synthesis in cancer is transcribed by RNA polymerase I, which results in unbridled cell growth. The recent discovery of CX-5461, a selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor, exerted its inhibitory effect of ribosomal RNA synthesis and antiproliferative potency. Here, we demonstrate that CX-5461 induces G2 arrest in the cell cycle and expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II isoform in OS cell lines. Autophagic vacuoles could be observed in electron microscopy and 3-methyladenine prevented cell death mediated by CX-5461. Moreover, it significantly augmented phosphorylated AMP-Activated Protein Kinases alpha (p-AMPK alpha). (Thr(172)) expression in U2-OS cells and decreased p-Akt (Ser(473)) expression in MNNG cells, respectively, which repressed their downstream effector, mammalian target of rapamycin. On the other hand, CX-5461 increased p53 accumulation and messenger RNA level of its target genes, p21, MDM2, and Sestrin1/2 in U2-OS cells. Knockdown of p53 expression markedly impaired cell death as well as the expression of light chain 3-II and p21 induced by CX-5461. It also significantly enhanced doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxic effect in vitro and in vivo together with additive expression of p53, p21, and light chain 3-II in U2-OS cells. Our data indicate that CX-5461 might induce autophagy via mammalian target of rapamycin-associated signaling pathways dependent on p53 status and exert p53-dependent synergistic antitumor effect combined with doxorubicin in OS. These results suggest that CX-5461 might be promising in clinical therapy for OS, especially cases harboring wild-type p53.

Description

CX-5461 is a potent and oral rRNA synthesis inhibitor. It inhibits RNA polymerase I-driven transcription of rRNA with IC50s of 142, 113, and 54 nM in HCT-116, A375, and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively.

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