Corticosterone

Endogenous glucocorticoid CAS# 50-22-6

Corticosterone

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Quality Control of Corticosterone

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Chemical structure

Corticosterone

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Corticosterone

Cas No. 50-22-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5753 Appearance Powder
Formula C21H30O4 M.Wt 346.46
Type of Compound Steroids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms 17-Deoxycortisol; 11β,21-Dihydroxyprogesterone; Kendall's compound B
Solubility DMSO : 50 mg/mL (144.32 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Chemical Name (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17S)-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
SMILES CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4C(=O)CO)C)O
Standard InChIKey OMFXVFTZEKFJBZ-HJTSIMOOSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C21H30O4/c1-20-8-7-13(23)9-12(20)3-4-14-15-5-6-16(18(25)11-22)21(15,2)10-17(24)19(14)20/h9,14-17,19,22,24H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16+,17-,19+,20-,21-/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Corticosterone

DescriptionCorticosterone, the major stress hormone, is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid, it is cytotoxic toward neurons, and the cytotoxic effect could be protected by Yokukansan. A delayed effect of elevated Corticosterone on breeding success rather than an immediate suppression of prolactin concentrations causing premature failure.
TargetsIL Receptor | TNF-α | AChR
In vivo

Protracted treatment with corticosterone reduces breeding success in a long-lived bird.[Pubmed: 25449182]

Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2015 Jan 1;210:38-45.

Determining the physiological mechanisms underpinning life-history decisions is essential for understanding the constraints under which life-history strategies can evolve. In long-lived species, where the residual reproductive value of breeders is high, adult survival is a key contributor to lifetime reproductive success. We therefore expect that when adult survival is compromised during reproduction, mechanisms will evolve to redirect resources away from reproduction, with implications for reproductive hormones, adult body mass, nest attendance behaviour and breeding success.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We investigated whether manipulating Corticosterone, to simulate exposure to an environmental stressor, affected the secretion of prolactin and breeding success in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. We used implanted Alzet® osmotic pumps to administer Corticosterone to incubating kittiwakes at a constant rate over a period of approximately 8days. Manipulated birds were compared with sham implanted birds and control birds, which had no implants. There was no significant difference in the body mass of captured individuals at the time of implantation and implant removal. Corticosterone-implanted males showed lower nest attendance during the chick rearing period compared to sham-implanted males; the opposite pattern was found in females. Corticosterone treated birds showed a marginally significant reduction in breeding success compared to sham-implanted individuals, with all failures occurring at least 1week after implant removal. However, prolactin concentrations at implant removal were not significantly different from initial values.
CONCLUSIONS:
We were unable to measure the profile of change in Corticosterone during the experiment. However, our results suggest a delayed effect of elevated Corticosterone on breeding success rather than an immediate suppression of prolactin concentrations causing premature failure.

Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to DFP in mice: potential animal model of Gulf War Illness.[Pubmed: 25753028]

J Neurochem. 2015 Jun;133(5):708-21.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder with features characteristic of persistent sickness behavior. Among conditions encountered in the Gulf War (GW) theater were physiological stressors (e.g., heat/cold/physical activity/sleep deprivation), prophylactic treatment with the reversible AChE inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), the insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and potentially the nerve agent, sarin. Prior exposure to the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, Corticosterone (CORT), at levels associated with high physiological stress, can paradoxically prime the CNS to produce a robust proinflammatory response to neurotoxicants and systemic inflammation; such neuroinflammatory effects can be associated with sickness behavior.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we examined whether Corticosterone primed the CNS to mount neuroinflammatory responses to GW exposures as a potential model of GWI. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with chronic (14 days) PB/ DEET, subchronic (7-14 days) Corticosterone, and acute exposure (day 15) to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a sarin surrogate and irreversible AChE inhibitor. DFP alone caused marked brain-wide neuroinflammation assessed by qPCR of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, IL-1β, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M. Pre-treatment with high physiological levels of Corticosterone greatly augmented (up to 300-fold) the neuroinflammatory responses to DFP. Anti-inflammatory pre-treatment with minocycline suppressed many proinflammatory responses to Corticosterone+DFP. Our findings are suggestive of a possible critical, yet unrecognized interaction between the stressor/environment of the GW theater and agent exposure(s) unique to this war. Such exposures may in fact prime the CNS to amplify future neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens, injury, or toxicity. Such occurrences could potentially result in the prolonged episodes of sickness behavior observed in GWI.
CONCLUSIONS:
Gulf War (GW) veterans were exposed to stressors, prophylactic medicines and, potentially, nerve agents in theater. Subsequent development of GW Illness, a persistent multi-symptom disorder with features characteristic of sickness behavior, may be caused by priming of the CNS resulting in exaggerated neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens/insults. Nerve agent, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), produced a neuroinflammatory response that was exacerbated by pre-treatment with levels of Corticosterone simulating heightened stressor conditions. While prophylactic treatments reduced DFP-induced neuroinflammation, this effect was negated when those treatments were combined with Corticosterone.

Protocol of Corticosterone

Cell Research

Neuroprotective effect of yokukansan against cytotoxicity induced by corticosterone on mouse hippocampal neurons.[Pubmed: 25022209]

Phytomedicine. 2014 Sep 25;21(11):1458-65.

Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been used for the management of neurodegenerative disorders and for the treatment of neurosis, insomnia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Recently, several studies have shown that yokukansan has a neuroprotective effect.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The aim of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of yokukansan on hippocampal neurons from embryonic mouse brain against the effects of Corticosterone, which is considered to be a stress hormone and to be cytotoxic toward neurons. The cell survival rates were measured by the WST-8 assay and LDH assay. Twenty-four hours after treatment with Corticosterone, cell numbers were significantly decreased compared with the control or treatment with vehicle in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with 30 μM Corticosterone, the decrease in the number of cells was significantly recovered by treatment with yokukansan (100-1,000 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. However, yokukansan did not suppress the decrease in cell numbers that was induced by treatment with 100 μM Corticosterone. In the LDH assay, treatment with yokukansan at a high concentration (500-1,000 μg/ml) suppressed the LDH concentration induced by treatment with both 30 μM and 100 μM Corticosterone compared to treatment with Corticosterone alone, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that yokukansan protects against the cytotoxic effect of a low concentration of Corticosterone on hippocampal neurons.

Animal Research

Stress hormone corticosterone enhances susceptibility to cortical spreading depression in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice.[Pubmed: 25447936]

Exp Neurol. 2015 Jan;263:214-20.

Stress is a putative migraine trigger, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are unknown. Stress and stress hormones increase neuronal excitability by enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission, but inhibitory effects have also been reported.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We hypothesise that an acute rise in stress hormones, such as corticosteroids which are released after stress, increase neuronal excitability and thereby may increase susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD), the mechanism underlying the migraine aura. Here we investigated effects of acute restraint stress and of the stress hormone Corticosterone on CSD susceptibility as surrogate migraine marker, in a transgenic mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), which displays increased glutamatergic cortical neurotransmission and increased propensity for CSD. We found that 20-min and 3-h restraint stress did not influence CSD susceptibility in mutant or wild-type mice, despite elevated levels of plasma Corticosterone. By contrast, subcutaneous administration of 20mg/kg Corticosterone increased CSD frequency exclusively in mutant mice, while Corticosterone plasma levels were similarly elevated in mutants and wild types. The effect of Corticosterone on CSD frequency was normalised by pre-administration of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone.
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that corticosteroid-induced GR activation can enhance susceptibility to CSD in genetically susceptible individuals, and may predispose to attacks of migraine. Although Corticosterone levels rise also during acute stress, the latter likely triggers a spatiotemporally more complex biological response with multiple positive and negative modulators which may not be adequately modeled by exogenous administration of Corticosterone alone.

Corticosterone Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Corticosterone

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.8863 mL 14.4317 mL 28.8634 mL 57.7267 mL 72.1584 mL
5 mM 0.5773 mL 2.8863 mL 5.7727 mL 11.5453 mL 14.4317 mL
10 mM 0.2886 mL 1.4432 mL 2.8863 mL 5.7727 mL 7.2158 mL
50 mM 0.0577 mL 0.2886 mL 0.5773 mL 1.1545 mL 1.4432 mL
100 mM 0.0289 mL 0.1443 mL 0.2886 mL 0.5773 mL 0.7216 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Corticosterone

Corticosterone is a sensitive inhibitor of monoamine transport. Target: OCT(organic cation transporter) Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands in rodents and other non-human animals. Corticosterone inhibits organic cation transport via some OCTs in peripheral tissues. Corticosterone also inhibits efflux of [ 3H]-MPP from hypothalamic minces.[1]

References:
[1]. Gasser PJ, et al. Corticosterone-sensitive monoamine transport in the rat dorsomedial hypothalamus: potential role for organiccation transporter 3 in stress-induced modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission. J Neurosci. 2006 Aug 23;26(34):8758-8766.

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References on Corticosterone

Protracted treatment with corticosterone reduces breeding success in a long-lived bird.[Pubmed:25449182]

Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2015 Jan 1;210:38-45.

Determining the physiological mechanisms underpinning life-history decisions is essential for understanding the constraints under which life-history strategies can evolve. In long-lived species, where the residual reproductive value of breeders is high, adult survival is a key contributor to lifetime reproductive success. We therefore expect that when adult survival is compromised during reproduction, mechanisms will evolve to redirect resources away from reproduction, with implications for reproductive hormones, adult body mass, nest attendance behaviour and breeding success. We investigated whether manipulating Corticosterone, to simulate exposure to an environmental stressor, affected the secretion of prolactin and breeding success in the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. We used implanted Alzet(R) osmotic pumps to administer Corticosterone to incubating kittiwakes at a constant rate over a period of approximately 8days. Manipulated birds were compared with sham implanted birds and control birds, which had no implants. There was no significant difference in the body mass of captured individuals at the time of implantation and implant removal. Corticosterone-implanted males showed lower nest attendance during the chick rearing period compared to sham-implanted males; the opposite pattern was found in females. Corticosterone treated birds showed a marginally significant reduction in breeding success compared to sham-implanted individuals, with all failures occurring at least 1week after implant removal. However, prolactin concentrations at implant removal were not significantly different from initial values. We were unable to measure the profile of change in Corticosterone during the experiment. However, our results suggest a delayed effect of elevated Corticosterone on breeding success rather than an immediate suppression of prolactin concentrations causing premature failure.

Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to DFP in mice: potential animal model of Gulf War Illness.[Pubmed:25753028]

J Neurochem. 2015 Jun;133(5):708-21.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder with features characteristic of persistent sickness behavior. Among conditions encountered in the Gulf War (GW) theater were physiological stressors (e.g., heat/cold/physical activity/sleep deprivation), prophylactic treatment with the reversible AChE inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), the insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and potentially the nerve agent, sarin. Prior exposure to the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, Corticosterone (CORT), at levels associated with high physiological stress, can paradoxically prime the CNS to produce a robust proinflammatory response to neurotoxicants and systemic inflammation; such neuroinflammatory effects can be associated with sickness behavior. Here, we examined whether CORT primed the CNS to mount neuroinflammatory responses to GW exposures as a potential model of GWI. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with chronic (14 days) PB/ DEET, subchronic (7-14 days) CORT, and acute exposure (day 15) to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a sarin surrogate and irreversible AChE inhibitor. DFP alone caused marked brain-wide neuroinflammation assessed by qPCR of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, IL-1beta, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M. Pre-treatment with high physiological levels of CORT greatly augmented (up to 300-fold) the neuroinflammatory responses to DFP. Anti-inflammatory pre-treatment with minocycline suppressed many proinflammatory responses to CORT+DFP. Our findings are suggestive of a possible critical, yet unrecognized interaction between the stressor/environment of the GW theater and agent exposure(s) unique to this war. Such exposures may in fact prime the CNS to amplify future neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens, injury, or toxicity. Such occurrences could potentially result in the prolonged episodes of sickness behavior observed in GWI. Gulf War (GW) veterans were exposed to stressors, prophylactic medicines and, potentially, nerve agents in theater. Subsequent development of GW Illness, a persistent multi-symptom disorder with features characteristic of sickness behavior, may be caused by priming of the CNS resulting in exaggerated neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens/insults. Nerve agent, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), produced a neuroinflammatory response that was exacerbated by pre-treatment with levels of Corticosterone simulating heightened stressor conditions. While prophylactic treatments reduced DFP-induced neuroinflammation, this effect was negated when those treatments were combined with Corticosterone.

Stress hormone corticosterone enhances susceptibility to cortical spreading depression in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice.[Pubmed:25447936]

Exp Neurol. 2015 Jan;263:214-20.

Stress is a putative migraine trigger, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are unknown. Stress and stress hormones increase neuronal excitability by enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission, but inhibitory effects have also been reported. We hypothesise that an acute rise in stress hormones, such as corticosteroids which are released after stress, increase neuronal excitability and thereby may increase susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD), the mechanism underlying the migraine aura. Here we investigated effects of acute restraint stress and of the stress hormone Corticosterone on CSD susceptibility as surrogate migraine marker, in a transgenic mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), which displays increased glutamatergic cortical neurotransmission and increased propensity for CSD. We found that 20-min and 3-h restraint stress did not influence CSD susceptibility in mutant or wild-type mice, despite elevated levels of plasma Corticosterone. By contrast, subcutaneous administration of 20mg/kg Corticosterone increased CSD frequency exclusively in mutant mice, while Corticosterone plasma levels were similarly elevated in mutants and wild types. The effect of Corticosterone on CSD frequency was normalised by pre-administration of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone. These findings suggest that corticosteroid-induced GR activation can enhance susceptibility to CSD in genetically susceptible individuals, and may predispose to attacks of migraine. Although Corticosterone levels rise also during acute stress, the latter likely triggers a spatiotemporally more complex biological response with multiple positive and negative modulators which may not be adequately modeled by exogenous administration of Corticosterone alone.

Neuroprotective effect of yokukansan against cytotoxicity induced by corticosterone on mouse hippocampal neurons.[Pubmed:25022209]

Phytomedicine. 2014 Sep 25;21(11):1458-65.

Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been used for the management of neurodegenerative disorders and for the treatment of neurosis, insomnia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Recently, several studies have shown that yokukansan has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of yokukansan on hippocampal neurons from embryonic mouse brain against the effects of Corticosterone, which is considered to be a stress hormone and to be cytotoxic toward neurons. The cell survival rates were measured by the WST-8 assay and LDH assay. Twenty-four hours after treatment with Corticosterone, cell numbers were significantly decreased compared with the control or treatment with vehicle in a dose-dependent manner. When cells were treated with 30 muM Corticosterone, the decrease in the number of cells was significantly recovered by treatment with yokukansan (100-1,000 mug/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. However, yokukansan did not suppress the decrease in cell numbers that was induced by treatment with 100 muM Corticosterone. In the LDH assay, treatment with yokukansan at a high concentration (500-1,000 mug/ml) suppressed the LDH concentration induced by treatment with both 30 muM and 100 muM Corticosterone compared to treatment with Corticosterone alone, respectively. These results suggest that yokukansan protects against the cytotoxic effect of a low concentration of Corticosterone on hippocampal neurons.

Description

Corticosterone is an adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid.

Keywords:

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