Eucalyptusdimers A-C, Dimeric Phloroglucinol-Phellandrene Meroterpenoids from Eucalyptus robusta.[Pubmed: 30088934]

Eucalyptusdimers A-C, three dimeric phellandrene-derived meroterpenoids featuring an unprecedented, fused skeleton between two phellandrene and two acylphloroglucinol subunits, along with one biogenetically related intermediate, (±)-eucalyprobusone A, were isolated from the fruits of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism analysis. The isolated meroterpenoids were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory effects.

Eucalyptus robusta leaves methanolic extract suppresses inflammatory mediators by specifically targeting TLR4/TLR9, MPO, COX2, iNOS and inflammatory cytokines in experimentally-induced endometritis in rats.[Pubmed: 29104078]

Bacterial endometritis is one of the major causes of reproductive disorders including infertility in farm animals. Antibiotics are generally used for treatment of such disorders but now a days residues of antibiotics are of great public health concern, therefore, phytoremediation is being considered as an alternative to use of antibiotics.

New Formyl Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids from the Leaves of Eucalyptus robusta.[Pubmed: 28004790]

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Fungal Planet description sheets: 400-468.[Pubmed: 27616795]

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Australia: Vermiculariopsiella eucalypti, Mulderomyces natalis (incl. Mulderomyces gen. nov.), Fusicladium paraamoenum, Neotrimmatostroma paraexcentricum, and Pseudophloeospora eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus spp., Anungitea grevilleae (on leaves of Grevillea sp.), Pyrenochaeta acaciae (on leaves of Acacia sp.), and Brunneocarpos banksiae (incl. Brunneocarpos gen. nov.) on cones of Banksia attenuata. Novel foliicolous taxa from South Africa include Neosulcatispora strelitziae (on Strelitzia nicolai), Colletotrichum ledebouriae (on Ledebouria floridunda), Cylindrosympodioides brabejum (incl. Cylindrosympodioides gen. nov.) on Brabejum stellatifolium, Sclerostagonospora ericae (on Erica sp.), Setophoma cyperi (on Cyperus sphaerocephala), and Phaeosphaeria breonadiae (on Breonadia microcephala). Novelties described from Robben Island (South Africa) include Wojnowiciella cissampeli and Diaporthe cissampeli (both on Cissampelos capensis), Phaeotheca salicorniae (on Salicornia meyeriana), Paracylindrocarpon aloicola (incl. Paracylindrocarpon gen. nov.) on Aloe sp., and Libertasomyces myopori (incl. Libertasomyces gen. nov.) on Myoporum serratum. Several novelties are recorded from La Réunion (France), namely Phaeosphaeriopsis agapanthi (on Agapanthus sp.), Roussoella solani (on Solanum mauritianum), Vermiculariopsiella acaciae (on Acacia heterophylla), Dothiorella acacicola (on Acacia mearnsii), Chalara clidemiae (on Clidemia hirta), Cytospora tibouchinae (on Tibouchina semidecandra), Diaporthe ocoteae (on Ocotea obtusata), Castanediella eucalypticola, Phaeophleospora eucalypticola and Fusicladium eucalypticola (on Eucalyptus robusta), Lareunionomyces syzygii (incl. Lareunionomyces gen. nov.) and Parawiesneriomyces syzygii (incl. Parawiesneriomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Syzygium jambos. Novel taxa from the USA include Meristemomyces arctostaphylos (on Arctostaphylos patula), Ochroconis dracaenae (on Dracaena reflexa), Rasamsonia columbiensis (air of a hotel conference room), Paecilomyces tabacinus (on Nicotiana tabacum), Toxicocladosporium hominis (from human broncoalveolar lavage fluid), Nothophoma macrospora (from respiratory secretion of a patient with pneumonia), and Penidiellopsis radicularis (incl. Penidiellopsis gen. nov.) from a human nail. Novel taxa described from Malaysia include Prosopidicola albizziae (on Albizzia falcataria), Proxipyricularia asari (on Asarum sp.), Diaporthe passifloricola (on Passiflora foetida), Paramycoleptodiscus albizziae (incl. Paramycoleptodiscus gen. nov.) on Albizzia falcataria, and Malaysiasca phaii (incl. Malaysiasca gen. nov.) on Phaius reflexipetalus. Two species are newly described from human patients in the Czech Republic, namely Microascus longicollis (from toenails of patient with suspected onychomycosis), and Chrysosporium echinulatum (from sole skin of patient). Furthermore, Alternaria quercicola is described on leaves of Quercus brantii (Iran), Stemphylium beticola on leaves of Beta vulgaris (The Netherlands), Scleroderma capeverdeanum on soil (Cape Verde Islands), Scleroderma dunensis on soil, and Blastobotrys meliponae from bee honey (Brazil), Ganoderma mbrekobenum on angiosperms (Ghana), Geoglossum raitviirii and Entoloma kruticianum on soil (Russia), Priceomyces vitoshaensis on Pterostichus melas (Carabidae) (Bulgaria) is the only one for which the family is listed, Ganoderma ecuadoriense on decaying wood (Ecuador), Thyrostroma cornicola on Cornus officinalis (Korea), Cercophora vinosa on decorticated branch of Salix sp. (France), Coprinus pinetorum, Coprinus littoralis and Xerocomellus poederi on soil (Spain). Two new genera from Colombia include Helminthosporiella and Uwemyces on leaves of Elaeis oleifera. Two species are described from India, namely Russula intervenosa (ectomycorrhizal with Shorea robusta), and Crinipellis odorata (on bark of Mytragyna parviflora). Novelties from Thailand include Cyphellophora gamsii (on leaf litter), Pisolithus aureosericeus and Corynascus citrinus (on soil). Two species are newly described from Citrus in Italy, namely Dendryphiella paravinosa on Citrus sinensis, and Ramularia citricola on Citrus floridana. Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS nrDNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

[Study on Gentiana Rigescens with Silvomedicinal and Agriosivomedicinal Systems with FTIR Spectroscopy].[Pubmed: 30074348]

Multiple cropping systems are the way to cope with the shortage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resources and enhance the utilization ratio of land. The aim of this study was to investigate seventy Gentiana rigescens Franch samples which were planted in slope and in multiple cropping system mixed with Juglans regia, Alnus nepalensis, Eucalyptus robusta, Alnus nepalensis, Camellia sinensis, Chaenomeles sinensis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The pretreatments such as baseline correction, normalization and second derivative of all the original spectra were performed with Omnic 8.0 software. Moreover, second derivative spectra of samples and gentiopicroside standard were analyzed. In addition, two spectral databases were set up based on the average spectra of every variety with Omnic 8.0 software. The first library (Lib1) which included the spectra region from 1 800 to 600 cm-1 had the algorithm of expert retrieve while the correlation retrieve and square differential retrieve were dealt with the second library (Lib2) in the full spectral range. The results indicated that it is difficult to identify the infrared spectra of samples directly because they had high similarities. There were multiple common peaks between spectra of samples and gentiopicroside standards. The absorption peaks of 1 611 and 1 076 cm-1 of gentiopicroside were the two main characteristic peaks in the second derivative spectra. The difference of peak shape of every sample in the wave number of 1 076 cm-1 was small. By comparing peak area at 1 611 cm-1, the samples planted with J. regia contained highest content of gentiopicroside while the content of this effective constituent was the lowest in the samples which were planted in the slope and in the multiple cropping systems mixed with C sinensis. The differences of effective components in the samples with different planting patterns were represented by the variances of spectral matching values. The difference of matching values of samples planted with J. regia, A. nepalensis, E. Robusta and A. nepalensis were lower than that with slope and C. Sinensis. The number of misjudgment of expert retrieval, correlation retrieve and square differential retrieve were 11, 4 and 9, respectively. The discrimination result of correlation retrieve was the best in the full spectral range and the correct recognition rate was 94.29%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with second derivative and retrieval had good ability to discriminate G. rigescens with different cropping systems. It could provide a basis for the discrimination of different planting patterns of TCM.

(1) H NMR-Guided Isolation of Formyl-Phloroglucinol Meroterpenoids from the Leaves of Eucalyptus robusta.[Pubmed: 27412352]

Nine formyl-phloroglucinolmeroterpenoids (FPMs), namely, eucalrobusones A-I (1-9), were isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta by tracking the phenolic hydroxyl (1) H NMR peaks. The Snatzke helicity rules for the Cotton effects of twisted benzene rings were applied to elucidate the absolute configurations of the FPMs. These findings, along with NMR spectroscopy, the circular dichroism (CD) exciton chirality method, and CD calculations, allowed complete structures for the FPMs to be assigned. Eucalrobusones A-F (1-6) are novel adducts formed between a formyl-derived carbon atom on the phloroglucinol ring and monoterpene and sesquiterpene components. Eucalrobusones G-I (7-9) are the first examples of FPMs with cubebane part structures connected by an unusual 1-oxaspiro[5.5]undecane subunit. Among these isolates, eucalrobusone C (3) showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, and U2OS cancer cell lines, with IC50 values less than 10 μm. Compound 3 significantly blocks cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells and induces MCF-7 cell death through apoptosis.