Natural Compound Helps Reverse Type 2 Diabetes in Mouse

A group of scientists from the United States hopes that found in human cells, a new study of natural chemicals can pave the way for developing a similar to vitamin pills, these pills can help prevent diabetes, may even be completely reverse disease.
The chemical, called niacinamide mononucleotides (also known as NMN), plays an important role in the way human cells use energy. American researchers tested the compound by injecting diabetic mice. After the injection, the mice had normal blood glucose levels and lowered triglycerides, blood lipids and cholesterol levels.
The team's next step is to develop a way to manage NMN compounds directly through their drinking water, rather than by injection. In the future, the team's long-term goal is to develop a "nutrition" pill, similar to a daily vitamin, that could be used to reverse or prevent type 2 diabetes.
"Once we can get the level of human acceptable NMN, we really want to study a human experiment," m.d. Shin - ichiro Imai says Dr From the Washington university in st. Louis school of medicine; Dr. Imai led the study. Because mice have a similar genetic code to humans, drugs used in humans are usually first tested on mice. However, even if a drug appears safe to use in mice, it must be widely tested in humans before it can be approved for prescription and sale. Imad Iraq, says Dr NMN role "very significant", was more obvious in female mice: "the glucose tolerance of diabetic mice after giving NMN, women completely back to normal," said Dr Imad.
The researchers caused type 2 diabetes by feeding healthy young mice a high-fat diet. All the mice showed decreased levels of a molecule called NAD, which extracts energy from nutrients in food and converts it into a form that cells can use. In mice and humans, NAD is derived from NMN and is produced by cells through a series of metabolic reactions.
One of the important effects of NAD is the activation of SIRT1, a protein that has been extensively studied and has been shown to promote good metabolism throughout the body and increase insulin sensitivity. SIRT1 - or sirtuin-1, a deacetylase dependent on nadh - is encoded by a gene called SIRT1. Since it is toxic to inject NAD directly into mice and other organisms such as humans, the researchers injected the mice with NMN instead, leading to an increase in NAD levels. After using the compound, the glucose reaction of the mice improved significantly. NMN is naturally produced by the body, but its level decreases with age. A high-fat diet also hampers the production of NMN.
According to Dr Imai's research, NMN showed very similar behaviour in mice and humans. However, further tests are needed to determine whether the lack of the compound has the same relationship to type 2 diabetes in humans. "Whether this mechanism is also impaired in people with type 2 diabetes is something we have to examine," Dr. Imai said. "We plan to do so in the near future."

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