Research and development results of anthocyanins and anthocyanin components

BioCrick has specialised in the development of natural active ingredients for many years and has developed a number of anthocyanin-based ingredients. Anthocyanidins, also known as anthocyanins, are water-soluble natural pigments that are widely found in plants and are coloured glycosides derived from the hydrolysis of Anthocyains. There are six common species in plants, namely geranium pigment (Pg), cornflower pigment (Cy), delphinium pigment (Dp), peony pigment (Pn), petunia pigment (Pt) and mallow pigment (Mv). Most of the major colour-presenting substances in fruits, vegetables and flowers are associated with anthocyanin-containing pigments. Under different pH conditions in plant vesicles, anthocyanins give the petals their colourful appearance. There are more than 20 known anthocyanins, six of which are important in food, namely geranium pigment, cornflower pigment, delphinium pigment, peony pigment, petunia pigment and mallow pigment. In their natural state, anthocyanins exist in the form of glycosides called anthocyanins, with very few free anthocyanins present. Anthocyanins are mainly used for food colouring, but can also be used in dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.

I. Introduction to anthocyanins and anthocyanosides

      There are more than 250 known naturally occurring anthocyanins, found in 27 families and 73 genera of plants. There are 20 identified anthocyanins, six of which are commonly found in plants, namely geranium pigment (Pg), cornflower pigment (Cy), delphinium pigment (Dp), peony pigment (Pn), petunia pigment (Pt) and mallow pigment (Mv). Free anthocyanins are generally rare under natural conditions and often form anthocyanins with one or more glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and arabinose through glycosidic bonds. The glycosidic groups and hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins can also form acidified anthocyanins with one or several molecules of aromatic and fatty acids such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid through ester bonds. The anthocyanin molecule is highly molecularly co-choked, contains acidic and basic groups and is readily soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dilute bases and dilute acids. They have strong absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions, with a maximum absorption wavelength around 280 nm in the ultraviolet region and 500 to 550 nm in the visible region. The colour of anthocyanins varies with pH, from red at pH 7 to purple at pH = 7-8 and blue at pH > 11.       Anthocyanidins have a carbon skeleton structure of C6C3C6 and are considered to be flavonoids because they have the same biochemical origin as the other flavonoids. The main part of anthocyanin is its glycosidic ligand, the yellow salt.

      BioCrick has carried out intensive research and development on these substances and has isolated different types of anthocyanins and their glycosidic components as monomers from various plants. These include: delphinidin, centaureidin, petunidin, peonidin, mallow pigment, geranidin and their six major classes of anthocyanins, including: centaureidin-3-galactoside, centaureidin-3-glucoside, centaureidin-3-arabinoside, centaureidin-3-xyloside, centaureidin-3-rutinoside, centaureidin-3-sambubioside; delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside. 3-galactoside, felisin-3-glucoside, felisin-3-arabinoside, felisin-3-sambubioside; paeoniflorin-3-galactoside, paeoniflorin-3-glucoside, paeoniflorin-3-arabinoside; petunidin-3-galactoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside; mallow pigment-3-galactoside, mallow pigment-3 geranoside, geranoside 3-galactoside, geranoside 3-glucopyranoside, geranoside 3-arabinoside, etc.; there are also acylated anthocyanins formed by ester bonds with organic acids such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, malonic acid, erucic acid and amberic acid, for example: delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside, mallow Chromogranin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside and dozens of other high purity products.   

II.Applications of anthocyanins

1、Antioxidant and free radical scavenging function
     Anthocyanins are biological flavonoids, and the main physiological activity of flavonoids is free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant ability. Research has proven that anthocyanins are the most effective antioxidants and the most potent free radical scavengers found in humans today. Purple sweet potato anthocyanin products have scavenging and inhibiting effects on - OH, H2 O2 and other reactive oxygen species, especially the scavenging ability of - OH is stronger than that of ascorbic acid, and the scavenging effect is dose-related to the concentration.
2、Anti-mutagenic function
     The role of anthocyanins is not only to give the plant a colourful appearance, but also to reduce the activity of enzymes, anti-mutation and other health care functions of the active molecules. Studies have shown that extracts with a certain concentration of anthocyanins are effective in preventing the occurrence of different stages of cancer, but the individual role of anthocyanins is not certain, partly because they are easily degraded after separation from other phenolic substances and other stable components for bioassay.
3、Beauty and beauty
     Anthocyanins are known as cosmetics that can be taken orally, the human body absorbs this blueberry anthocyanin, can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the skin, and can stop the generation of pigmentation and wrinkles, blueberry anthocyanin can also clean up the body of lipid peroxide and free radicals, can stop these harmful substances on human skin cells produce damage, often take blueberry anthocyanin can maintain skin health, can also slow down skin aging.
4、Fighting UV rays
     Anthocyanins make the sun's natural cover, it has a significant resistance to the sun's ultraviolet rays, can prevent this material to produce harm to human skin, in the summer every year when the weather is hot and sunny, take some blueberry anthocyanins, it can play a particularly obvious role in sun protection, both to prevent skin darkening can also prevent the skin from being burned by ultraviolet rays.
5, anti-radiation
     Anthocyanins can also improve the human body's ability to resist radiation, this substance has a strong ph stability, it can prevent radioactive and radioactive substances on the human body damage, usually those who are often exposed to radiation sources or long-term exposure to computer people, after taking blueberry anthocyanins, can make these harmful substances on the body to minimize the damage.
6、Preventing cancer and protecting eyes
     Anthocyanins can clean up the free radicals in the human body, and free radicals are damaging to the health of human cells, the culprit after his number is reduced, the chances of cancer in human cells will be significantly reduced, so usually use some blueberry anthocyanins can prevent cancer, in addition, blueberry anthocyanins can also promote the human body is lipid synthesis, and can improve the human retina function, moderate consumption can protect the eyes, prevent vision loss In addition, blueberry anthocyanins can promote lipid synthesis in the body and improve retinal function.