Research and development results of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-like components

BioCrick have developed many anthocyanins for many years. Anthocyanidins, also known as anthocyanins, are a kind of water-soluble natural pigments widely found in plants in nature, which are colorful glycosides obtained from the hydrolysis of anthocyanins. There are six common species in plants, namely, geranium pigment (Pg), cornflower pigment (Cy), delphinium pigment (Dp), peony pigment (Pn), petunia pigment (Pt) and mallow pigment (Mv). Most of the major color-presenting substances in fruits, vegetables, and flowers are associated with anthocyanin-containing pigments. Under different pH conditions of plant cytosol, anthocyanins give colorful petals. More than 20 kinds of anthocyanins are known, and six kinds are commonly found in plants, namely geranium pigment, cornflower pigment, delphinium pigment, peony pigment, petunia pigment and mallow pigment. Anthocyanins in their natural state are in the form of glycosides called anthocyanins, and few free anthocyanins exist. Anthocyanins are mainly used in food coloring, but also used in dyes, medicine and cosmetics.


I. Introduction of anthocyanins and anthocyanosides
      There are more than 250 kinds of anthocyanins known to exist naturally in 27 families and 73 genera of plants. There are 20 kinds of anthocyanins identified, and 6 kinds are common in plants, namely geranium pigment (Pg), cornflower pigment (Cy), delphinium pigment (Dp), peony pigment (Pn), petunia pigment (Pt) and mallow pigment (Mv). Free anthocyanins are generally rare under natural conditions and often form anthocyanins with one or more glucose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, etc. through glycosidic bonds. The glycosidic groups and hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins can also form acidified anthocyanins with one or several molecules of aromatic and fatty acids such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid through ester bonds. The anthocyanin molecule is highly molecularly co-choked, contains acidic and basic groups, and is readily soluble in polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, dilute bases and dilute acids. They have strong absorption in the UV and visible regions, with the maximum absorption wavelength in the UV region around 280 nm and the maximum absorption wavelength in the visible region in the range of 500 to 550 nm. The color of anthocyanins varies with pH value, from red at pH 1 to 3, purple at pH 7 to 8, and blue at pH > 8. The basic structure of anthocyanidin is 2-phenylbenzopyryalium cationic glycoside element, which exists in the form of yellow molten salt cation (AH+), and the glycoside element is called anthocyanidin or anthocyanidin. anthocyanidin). The main part of anthocyanin is its glycosidic ligand, i.e. anthocyanidin, or a polyhydroxy and methoxy derivative of anthocyanin.

      Grass Source has conducted in-depth research and development on these substances and isolated different types of anthocyanidins and their glycosidic component monomers from various plants. These include: delphinidin, centaureidin, petunidin, paeonidin, mallow pigment, geranidin and their six major types of anthocyanins, including: centaureidin-3-galactoside, centaureidin-3-glucoside, centaureidin-3-arabinoside, centaureidin-3-xyloside, centaureidin-3-rutinoside, centaureidin-3-sambubioside; delphinidin-3-galactoside 3-galactoside, felisin-3-glucoside, felisin-3-arabinoside, felisin-3-sambubioside; paeoniflorin-3-galactoside, paeoniflorin-3-glucoside, paeoniflorin-3-arabinoside; petunidin-3-galactoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside; mallow pigment-3-galactoside, mallow pigment-3 geranoside, geranoside 3-galactoside, geranoside 3-glucoside, geranoside 3-arabinoside, etc.; there are also acylated anthocyanins formed by ester bonds with organic acids such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, malonic acid, erucic acid, and amberic acid, such as: delphinidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside, mallow Chromogranin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside and dozens of other high-purity products.   
Application of anthocyanins
1、Antioxidant and free radical scavenging function
     Anthocyanins belong to biological flavonoids, and the main physiological activity function of flavonoids is free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant ability. Research has proved that anthocyanins are the most effective antioxidants and the most potent free radical scavengers discovered by human beings today, and their antioxidant performance is 50 times higher than VE and 20 times higher than VC [13]. Purple sweet potato anthocyanin products have scavenging and inhibiting effects on - OH, H2 O2, and other reactive oxygen species, especially the scavenging ability of - OH is stronger than that of ascorbic acid, and the scavenging effect is dose-dependent with the concentration.
2、Anti-mutagenic function
     The role of anthocyanin not only makes the plant present colorful, but also has the active molecule to reduce the activity of enzymes, anti-mutation and other health functions. Studies have shown that extracts with a certain concentration of anthocyanins can effectively prevent the occurrence of cancer at different stages, but the individual role of anthocyanins is not certain, partly due to bioassay after separation from other phenolic substances and other stable components, anthocyanins are easily degraded.
3、Beauty and beauty
     Anthocyanins are known as cosmetics that can be taken orally. After the human body absorbs this blueberry anthocyanin, it can enhance the antioxidant ability of the skin and stop the generation of pigmentation and wrinkles, blueberry anthocyanin can also clean up the lipid peroxide and free radicals in the human body, which can stop these harmful substances from harming human skin cells.
4、Fight against UV rays
     Anthocyanins make the sun's natural cover, it has a significant resistance to the sun's ultraviolet rays, can prevent this material to produce harm to human skin, in the summer every year when the weather is hot and sunny, take some blueberry anthocyanins, it can play a particularly obvious role in sun protection, both to prevent skin darkening can also prevent the skin from UV burns.
5, anti-radiation
     Anthocyanins can also improve the human body's ability to resist radiation, this substance has a strong ph stability, it can stop radioactive substances and radioactive substances on the human body, usually those who are often exposed to radiation sources or long-term exposure to computer people, after taking blueberry anthocyanins, can make these harmful substances on the body to minimize the damage.
6、Prevent cancer and protect eyes
     Anthocyanins can clean up the free radicals in the human body, and free radicals are the culprit of the destruction of human cell health, after the reduction of his number, the chances of cancer in human cells will be significantly reduced, so usually use some blueberry anthocyanins can prevent cancer, in addition, blueberry anthocyanins can also promote the body is lipid synthesis, and can improve the human retina function, moderate consumption can protect the eyes, prevent vision loss It can protect the eyes and prevent vision loss.