Salvia przewalskii is a herbaceous perennial plant native to the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan, typically growing along stream banks, forest edges, among shrubs, and on granitic hillsides. Salvia przewalskii forms a basal clump of yellow-green leaves 1 to 2 feet (30 to 61 cm) high and wide, with flowering stalks rising 3 feet (91.4 cm) above the plant. The 6-12 inch (15 to 30 cm) leaves, with long petioles, have distinct veins on the underside. New anthraquinone, przewalskinone B and a known compound, ziganein, were isolated from Salvia przewalskii. Five abietane diterpenoids, przewalskin, przewaquinone A, tanshinone II A, tanshinone I and tanshinone II B were isolated from the roots ofSalviaprzewalskii. Przewalskin is a new compound. Oleanolic acid and two novel triterpenoids, przewanoic acid A and przewanoic acid B, were isolated from the dried roots of Salvia przewalskii.