A triterpenoid saponin that is cycloastragenol glycosylated at positions 3 and 6 by 2-O-acetyl-β-D-xylosyl and β-D-glucosyl residues respectively.

Astragaloside II can downregulate the expression of the P-gp and mdr1 gene, suppress phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, suggests that Astragaloside II is a potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and may be a potential adjunctive agent for hepatic cancer chemotherapy.[1]
Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways, it may become a novel candidate that is beneficial for stimulating the osteoblastic activity resulting in bone formation.[2]
Astragaloside II has immunomodulating activity, can trigger T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.[3]
Astragaloside II in conjunction with cisplatin can significant reduce cell viability, and arrest in S phase and increased apoptosis, suggests that astragaloside II can be served as autophagy inhibitor which restores chemosensitivity of anticancer agent cisplatin and enhances tumor cell death.[4]

English website: Astragaloside II
Japanese website: Astragaloside II
Chinese website: Astragaloside II

[1] Huang C, Xu D, Xia Q, et al. J Pharm Pharmacol, 2012, 64(12):1741-50.
[2] Kong X H, Niu Y B, Song X M, et al. Int J Mol Med 2012, 29(6):1090-8.
[3] Chun-ping, Li-xin, Li-fei, et al. Acta Pharm Sin, 2013, 34(4):522-30.
[4] Yang C, Wu C, Xu D, et al. Biomed Pharmacother, 2016, 81:166-75.
[5] Zhao J, Yan W, Dai G. Chromatographia, 2005, 62(9-10):543-6.