Astragaloside II

CAS# 84676-89-1

Astragaloside II

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Quality Control of Astragaloside II

Number of papers citing our products

Chemical structure

Astragaloside II

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Astragaloside II

Cas No. 84676-89-1 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 158692 Appearance White powder
Formula C43H70O15 M.Wt 827.02
Type of Compound Triterpenoids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Astrasieversianin VIII
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (120.92 mM; Need ultrasonic)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
SMILES CC(=O)OC1C(C(COC1OC2(C(C(OC(C2O)OC3CC4C5(CC(C(C5(CCC46CC67C3C(CCC7)(C)C)C)C8(CCC(O8)C(C)(C)O)C)O)C)CO)O)O)O)O
Standard InChIKey LFJNPJBIDAQEHH-BXPIHXSGSA-N
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Astragaloside II

The root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge

Biological Activity of Astragaloside II

DescriptionAstragaloside II is a potent autophagy inhibitor and multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent, which restores chemosensitivity of anticancer agent cisplatin and enhances tumor cell death. It has immunomodulating activity, can trigger T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, it induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways.
Targetsgp120/CD4 | IL Receptor | p38MAPK | ERK | PI3K | Akt | mTOR
In vitro

Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of human hepatic cancer cells by Astragaloside II.[Pubmed: 23146037]

J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;64(12):1741-50.

Chemoresistance is the main obstacle encountered in cancer treatment and is frequently associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). Astragaloside is a saponin which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that Astragaloside has antitumour effects on hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Astragaloside II on the reversal of MDR and its molecular mechanism in vitro.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU cell lines were used as the experimental model. Drug sensitivity was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, accumulation and efflux of Rh123 were analyzed by flow cytometer, the mRNA level of mdr1 was determined by RT-PCR and the protein levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and mitogen-activated protein kinase were determined by Western blot. Astragaloside II (0.08 mg/ml) showed strong potency to increase 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity toward 5-fluorouracil-resistant human hepatic cancer cells Bel-7402/FU. The mechanism of Astragaloside II on P-gp-mediated MDR demonstrated that Astragaloside II significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 via inhibition of P-gp transport function. Based on the analysis of P-gp and mdr1 gene expression using Western blot and RT-PCR, the results revealed that Astragaloside II could downregulate the expression of the P-gp and mdr1 gene. In addition, Astragaloside II suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggested that Astragaloside II is a potent MDR reversal agent and may be a potential adjunctive agent for hepatic cancer chemotherapy.

In vivo

Astragaloside II triggers T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.[Pubmed: 23524573]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Apr;34(4):522-30.

To investigate the immunomodulating activity of astragalosides, the active compounds from a traditional tonic herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions, focusing on CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase (CD45 PTPase), which plays a critical role in T lymphocyte activation.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Primary splenocytes and T cells were prepared from mice. CD45 PTPase activity was assessed using a colorimetric assay. Cell proliferation was measured using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Cytokine proteins and mRNAs were examined with ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Activation markers, including CD25 and CD69, were analyzed using flow cytometry. Activation of LCK (Tyr505) was detected using Western blot analysis. Mice were injected with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CTX, 80 mg/kg), and administered Astragaloside II (50 mg/kg). Astragaloside I, II, III, and IV concentration-dependently increased the CD45-mediated of pNPP/OMFP hydrolysis with the EC50 values ranged from 3.33 to 10.42 μg/mL. Astragaloside II (10 and 30 nmol/L) significantly enhanced the proliferation of primary splenocytes induced by ConA, alloantigen or anti-CD3. Astragaloside II (30 nmol/L) significantly increased IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion, upregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and T-bet in primary splenocytes, and promoted CD25 and CD69 expression on primary CD4(+) T cells upon TCR stimulation. Furthermore, Astragaloside II (100 nmol/L) promoted CD45-mediated dephosphorylation of LCK (Tyr505) in primary T cells, which could be blocked by a specific CD45 PTPase inhibitor. In CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, oral administration of Astragaloside II restored the proliferation of splenic T cells and the production of IFN-γ and IL-2. However, Astragaloside II had no apparent effects on B cell proliferation.
CONCLUSIONS:
Astragaloside II enhances T cell activation by regulating the activity of CD45 PTPase, which may explain why Astragalus membranaceus Bge is used as a tonic herb in treating immunosuppressive diseases.

Protocol of Astragaloside II

Cell Research

AstragalosideII inhibits autophagic flux and enhance chemosensitivity of cisplatin in human cancer cells.[Pubmed: 27261591]

Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways.[Pubmed: 22426655]

Int J Mol Med. 2012 Jun;29(6):1090-8.

Radix Astragalus has been identified to exert beneficial effects in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. However, the active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unknown.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we examined the effect of Astragaloside II (AST II), which is a monomer of Astragalus saponin, on the viability, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of rat primary osteoblasts, as well as its relevant molecular mechanism. We found that AST II exhibits a significant induction of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in primary osteoblasts. AST II stimulates osteoblast differentiation at various stages, from early to late stage of differentiated osteoblasts. Furthermore, induction of differentiation by AST II is associated with increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), activation of Smad1/5/8, ERK1/2 and p38, and increased expression of core-binding factor 1 (Cbfa1)/Runx2. BMP antagonist (Noggin) blocks the effect of AST II on cell differentiation, and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 expression, but only partly decreases ERK1/2 activation. This indicates that BMP-2 is essential in AST II-mediated osteoblast differentiation and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 activation, and is partly involved in ERK1/2 activation.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, although in vivo studies are required in the future, as a phyto-saponin of Radix Astragalus, AST II may become a novel candidate that is beneficial for stimulating the osteoblastic activity resulting in bone formation, which has not been recognized and reported previously.

Biomed. Pharmacother., 2016, 81:166-75.

Inhibition of autophagy has been daily served as a promising anti-cancer treatment strategies. AstragalosideII (ASII), a main compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix Astragali, has been demonstrated to inhibit autophagy and reverse multidrug resistance in human hepatic cancer cells Bel-7402/5-FU.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we inspected the function and mechanisms of ASII and cisplatin on autophagy in human cancer cells, and assessed the effect of ASII on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We found ASII increased LC3II protein level, p62 protein level and GFP-LC3 puncta accumulation in human cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that ASII downregulated the expression of lysosomal cathepsinB/L (CTSB/L) in EBSS medium and affected the lysosomal acidification. Finally, we demonstrated that cisplatin induced protective autophagy which was involved of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Moreover, ASII in conjunction with cisplatin significant reduced cell viability, arrested in S phase and increased apoptosis.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, these findings suggested that ASII served as autophagy inhibitor which restored chemosensitivity of anticancer agent cisplatin and enhanced tumor cell death.

Astragaloside II Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Astragaloside II

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.2092 mL 6.0458 mL 12.0916 mL 24.1832 mL 30.229 mL
5 mM 0.2418 mL 1.2092 mL 2.4183 mL 4.8366 mL 6.0458 mL
10 mM 0.1209 mL 0.6046 mL 1.2092 mL 2.4183 mL 3.0229 mL
50 mM 0.0242 mL 0.1209 mL 0.2418 mL 0.4837 mL 0.6046 mL
100 mM 0.0121 mL 0.0605 mL 0.1209 mL 0.2418 mL 0.3023 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Astragaloside II

Astragaloside II is a natural isolated from Astragalus. IC50 value: Target: In vitro: In vivo: The developed and validated method has been successfully applied to the quantification and pharmacokinetic study of AST II in rats after intravenous and oral administration of AST II. The oral absolute bioavailability (F) of AST II was calculated to be 0.79 ± 0.16% with an elimination half-life (t1/2) value of 1.92 ± 0.30 h, suggesting its poor absorption and/or strong metabolism in vivo [1].

References:
[1]. Haijun Qu, et al. Quantification and pharmacokinetics of astragaloside II in rats by rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods, 2014,6, 6815-6822 [2]. Kong XH, et al. Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways. Int J Mol Med. 2012 Jun;29(6):1090-8. [3]. Huang C, et al. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of human hepatic cancer cells by Astragaloside II. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;64(12):1741-50. [4]. Wan CP, et al. Astragaloside II triggers T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Apr;34(4):522-30.

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References on Astragaloside II

AstragalosideII inhibits autophagic flux and enhance chemosensitivity of cisplatin in human cancer cells.[Pubmed:27261591]

Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Jul;81:166-175.

Inhibition of autophagy has been daily served as a promising anti-cancer treatment strategies. AstragalosideII (ASII), a main compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix Astragali, has been demonstrated to inhibit autophagy and reverse multidrug resistance in human hepatic cancer cells Bel-7402/5-FU. In this study, we inspected the function and mechanisms of ASII and cisplatin on autophagy in human cancer cells, and assessed the effect of ASII on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We found ASII increased LC3II protein level, p62 protein level and GFP-LC3 puncta accumulation in human cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that ASII downregulated the expression of lysosomal cathepsinB/L (CTSB/L) in EBSS medium and affected the lysosomal acidification. Finally, we demonstrated that cisplatin induced protective autophagy which was involved of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Moreover, ASII in conjunction with cisplatin significant reduced cell viability, arrested in S phase and increased apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings suggested that ASII served as autophagy inhibitor which restored chemosensitivity of anticancer agent cisplatin and enhanced tumor cell death.

Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of human hepatic cancer cells by Astragaloside II.[Pubmed:23146037]

J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;64(12):1741-50.

OBJECTIVES: Chemoresistance is the main obstacle encountered in cancer treatment and is frequently associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). Astragaloside is a saponin which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported that Astragaloside has antitumour effects on hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Astragaloside II on the reversal of MDR and its molecular mechanism in vitro. METHODS: In this study, Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU cell lines were used as the experimental model. Drug sensitivity was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, accumulation and efflux of Rh123 were analyzed by flow cytometer, the mRNA level of mdr1 was determined by RT-PCR and the protein levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and mitogen-activated protein kinase were determined by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS: Astragaloside II (0.08 mg/ml) showed strong potency to increase 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity toward 5-fluorouracil-resistant human hepatic cancer cells Bel-7402/FU. The mechanism of Astragaloside II on P-gp-mediated MDR demonstrated that Astragaloside II significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 via inhibition of P-gp transport function. Based on the analysis of P-gp and mdr1 gene expression using Western blot and RT-PCR, the results revealed that Astragaloside II could downregulate the expression of the P-gp and mdr1 gene. In addition, Astragaloside II suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that Astragaloside II is a potent MDR reversal agent and may be a potential adjunctive agent for hepatic cancer chemotherapy.

Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways.[Pubmed:22426655]

Int J Mol Med. 2012 Jun;29(6):1090-8.

Radix Astragalus has been identified to exert beneficial effects in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. However, the active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragaloside II (AST II), which is a monomer of Astragalus saponin, on the viability, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of rat primary osteoblasts, as well as its relevant molecular mechanism. We found that AST II exhibits a significant induction of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in primary osteoblasts. AST II stimulates osteoblast differentiation at various stages, from early to late stage of differentiated osteoblasts. Furthermore, induction of differentiation by AST II is associated with increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), activation of Smad1/5/8, ERK1/2 and p38, and increased expression of core-binding factor 1 (Cbfa1)/Runx2. BMP antagonist (Noggin) blocks the effect of AST II on cell differentiation, and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 expression, but only partly decreases ERK1/2 activation. This indicates that BMP-2 is essential in AST II-mediated osteoblast differentiation and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 activation, and is partly involved in ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, although in vivo studies are required in the future, as a phyto-saponin of Radix Astragalus, AST II may become a novel candidate that is beneficial for stimulating the osteoblastic activity resulting in bone formation, which has not been recognized and reported previously.

Astragaloside II triggers T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.[Pubmed:23524573]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2013 Apr;34(4):522-30.

AIM: To investigate the immunomodulating activity of astragalosides, the active compounds from a traditional tonic herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions, focusing on CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase (CD45 PTPase), which plays a critical role in T lymphocyte activation. METHODS: Primary splenocytes and T cells were prepared from mice. CD45 PTPase activity was assessed using a colorimetric assay. Cell proliferation was measured using a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Cytokine proteins and mRNAs were examined with ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Activation markers, including CD25 and CD69, were analyzed using flow cytometry. Activation of LCK (Tyr505) was detected using Western blot analysis. Mice were injected with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide (CTX, 80 mg/kg), and administered Astragaloside II (50 mg/kg). RESULTS: Astragaloside I, II, III, and IV concentration-dependently increased the CD45-mediated of pNPP/OMFP hydrolysis with the EC50 values ranged from 3.33 to 10.42 mug/mL. Astragaloside II (10 and 30 nmol/L) significantly enhanced the proliferation of primary splenocytes induced by ConA, alloantigen or anti-CD3. Astragaloside II (30 nmol/L) significantly increased IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion, upregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-gamma and T-bet in primary splenocytes, and promoted CD25 and CD69 expression on primary CD4(+) T cells upon TCR stimulation. Furthermore, Astragaloside II (100 nmol/L) promoted CD45-mediated dephosphorylation of LCK (Tyr505) in primary T cells, which could be blocked by a specific CD45 PTPase inhibitor. In CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, oral administration of Astragaloside II restored the proliferation of splenic T cells and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. However, Astragaloside II had no apparent effects on B cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Astragaloside II enhances T cell activation by regulating the activity of CD45 PTPase, which may explain why Astragalus membranaceus Bge is used as a tonic herb in treating immunosuppressive diseases.

Description

Astragaloside II is a natural isolated from Astragalus.

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