Amurine

Carnosol attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and LPS-induced bone loss.[Pubmed:33039968]

Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Dec;89(Pt A):106978.

Osteolysis is characterized by the imbalance of bone remodeling triggered by excessive activation of osteoclasts, which ultimately leads to pathological bone destruction. Diseases caused by overactive osteoclasts, such as osteolysis around the prosthesis, periodontitis and osteoporosis, are clinically common but lack effective treatment. Therefore, exploring regimens that could specifically impair the formation and function of osteoclasts has become a breakthrough in the treatment of these diseases. Carnosol is a natural phenolic diterpene with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, we found that carnosol can impede RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via modulating the activation of NF-kappab and JNK signaling pathways in vitro. Additionally, we confirmed that carnosol could alleviate bone loss in Amurine model of LPS-induced inflammatory bone erosion in vivo. Thence, these findings demonstrate that carnosol may be a potentially effective regent for the treatment of osteoclast-related disorders.

A new 8,14-dihydropromorphinane alkaloid from Papaver nudicaule L.[Pubmed:17763104]

Nat Prod Res. 2007 Jul 20;21(9):852-6.

A racem. 8,14-dihydroAmurine is a new promorphinane alkaloid isolated from the aerial parts of Papaver nudicaule L. (Papaveraceae) of Mongolian origin. The known promorphinane and isopavine alkaloids (+)-Amurine, (-)-amurensinine, (-)-O-methylthalisopavine, (-)-flavinantine and (-)-amurensine were also described. All structures were established by physical and spectral analysis. Flavinantine has been found for the first time in the species.

Characterisation of alkaloids from some Australian Stephania (Menispermaceae) species.[Pubmed:12842145]

Phytochemistry. 2003 Jul;63(6):711-20.

Chemical investigations of some Stephania species native to Australia and reportedly employed by Aboriginal people as therapeutic agents, are described. The alkaloids from the forest vines Stephania bancroftii F.M. Bailey and S. aculeata F.M. Bailey (Menispermaceae) have been isolated and characterised. The major alkaloids in the tuber of the former species are (-)-tetrahydropalmatine and (-)-stephanine, whereas these are minor components in the leaves, from which a C-7 hydroxylated aporphine has been identified. The major tuber alkaloids in S. aculeata are (+)-laudanidine, and the morphinoid, (-)-Amurine, whose absolute stereochemistry has been established by X-ray structural analysis of the methiodide derivative. No significant levels of alkaloids were detected in S. japonica. Complete and unambiguous 1H and 13C NMR data are presented for these alkaloids.

Increased circulating CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) in aged BWF1 mice which can be matured by TNF-alpha into BLC/CXCL13-producing DC.[Pubmed:12115607]

Eur J Immunol. 2002 Jul;32(7):1881-7.

Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. We previously reported aberrant high production of B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13) by DC in aged BWF1 mice, Amurine model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe here that CD11b+CD11c+ cells were markedly increased in the peripheral blood (PBL-DC) in aged BWF1, but not in similarly aged NZB or NZW mice. Part of PBL-DC showed a typical dendritic morphology and expressed MHC class II molecules, and had a weak, but significant antigen-presenting ability in mixed lymphocytereaction. PBL-DC were chemoattracted to several chemokines in vitro including secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC), liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC), RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, whereas splenic mature DC from aged BWF1 mice were preferentially chemoattracted towards SLC. BLC production was induced when PBL-DC were cultured in the presence of TNF-alpha for 3 days. BLC expression was also induced in bone marrow-derived DC when they were differentiated into mature DC in the presence of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, while both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma failed to induce BLC expression in bone marrow-derived DC. Since TNF-alpha expression is increased in aged BWF1 mice, DC recruitment in the circulation and maturation into BLC-producing DC by TNF-alpha may play a pivotal role in the development of systemic autoimmune diseases.

Comparison of chemical and botanical studies of Turkish papaver belonging to the section pilosa.[Pubmed:17342603]

Planta Med. 1985 Oct;51(5):431-4.

The alkaloidal contents of the Turkish PAPAVER belonging to the section PILOSA have been studied by high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results obtained, the section PILOSA should be divided into two subsections; the first being characterised by the presence of the alkaloids Amurine, glaucine and roemerine and the second by protopine and rhoeadine. These conclusions were confirmed by the botanical studies.

Alkaloids from Papaver triniifolium of Turkish Origin1.[Pubmed:17405010]

Planta Med. 1983 Sep;49(9):43-5.

The major alkaloids of PAPAVER TRINIIFOLIUM collected in two different parts of Anatolia have proved to be of the aporphine, morphinane and rhoeadine types. The two collections possessed different major alkaloids and the existence of chemical strains is indicated. In addition to the aporphine-(floripavidine), the morphinandienone-(Amurine and salutaridine), benzylisoquinoline-(papaverine), proaporphine-(mecambrine) and tetrahydroprotoberberine-(sinactine, scoulerine and cheilanthifoline) type alkaloids have been isolated as minor alkaloids.