CGP 3466B maleate

R-(2)-Deprenyl represents one of the drugs currently used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The mechanism of action of neuroprotection as well as inhibition of apoptosis remains elusive. CGP 3466 is a structurally related R-(2)-deprenyl analoge that exhibits virtually no monoamine oxidase type B inhibiting activity but is neuroprotective.

In vitro: CGP 3466B is structurally related to both classical monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressent agents but lacks the pharmacological properties relevant to their anti-depressant effects. CGP 3466B has been shown to rescue human neuroblastoma and PC-12 cells from apoptotic death and also cerebellar granule cells in vitro from death induced by cytosine arabinoside [1].

In vivo: In pmn/pmn mice, CGP 3466B was administered orally at the onset of the clinical symptoms (2 weeks after birth). CGP 3466B slowed disease progression as determined by a 57% life-span increase, preservation of body weight and motor performance. The data support evaluation of CGP 3466B as a potential motor neuron disease treatment [2].

Clinical trial: Up to now, CGP 3466B is still in the preclinical development stage.

References:
[1] Kragten E, Lalande I, Zimmermann K, Roggo S, Schindler P, Muller D, van Oostrum J, Waldmeier P, Furst P.  Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the putative target of the antiapoptotic compounds CGP 3466 and R-(-)-deprenyl. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 6;273(10):5821-8.
[2] Sagot Y, Toni N, Perrelet D, Lurot S, King B, Rixner H, Mattenberger L, Waldmeier PC, Kato AC.  An orally active anti-apoptotic molecule (CGP 3466B) preserves mitochondria and enhances survival in an animal model of motoneuron disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;131(4):721-8.

Host Proteins Identified in Extracellular Viral Particles as Targets for Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Inhibitors.[Pubmed:30351952]

J Proteome Res. 2018 Nov 5.

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) proteomic analyses have revealed that host proteins are often captured in extracellular virions. These proteins may play a role in viral replication or infectivity and can represent targets for broad-spectrum antiviral agent development. We utilized LCMS to determine the host protein composition of Lassa virus-like particles (LASV VLPs). Multiple host proteins incorporated in LASV VLPs are also incorporated in unrelated viruses, notably ribosomal proteins. We assembled a data set of host proteins incorporated into extracellular viral particles. The frequent incorporation of specific host proteins into viruses of diverse families suggests that interactions of these proteins with viral factors may be important for effective viral replication. Drugs that target virion-associated host proteins could affect the protein in the extracellular virion or the host cell. Compounds that target proteins incorporated into virions with high frequency, but with no known antiviral activity, were assayed in a scalable viral screening platform, and hits were tested in competent viral systems. One of these molecules, GAPDH modulating small molecule CGP 3466B maleate (Omigapil), exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of HIV, dengue virus, and Zika virus.

Clorgyline and other propargylamine derivatives as inhibitors of succinate-dependent H(2)O(2) release at NADH:UBIQUINONE oxidoreductase (Complex I) in brain mitochondria.[Pubmed:18763029]

J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2008 Aug;40(4):289-96.

Complex I is the main O(2)(-) producer of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. O(2)(-) release is low with NAD-linked substrates and increases strongly during succinate oxidation, which increases the QH(2)/Q ratio and is rotenone sensitive. We show that the succinate dependent O(2)(-) production (measured as H(2)O(2) release) is inhibited by propargylamine containing compounds (clorgyline, CGP 3466B, rasagiline and TVP-1012). The inhibition does not affect membrane potential and is unaffected by DeltapH modifications. Mitochondrial respiration is similarly unaffected. The propargylamines inhibition of O(2)(-)/H(2)O(2) production is monitored also in the presence of the Parkinson's disease toxin dopaminochrome which stimulates O(2)(-) release. Propargylamine-containing compounds are the first pharmacological inhibitors described for O(2)(-) release at Complex I.

TCH346 prevents motor symptoms and loss of striatal FDOPA uptake in bilaterally MPTP-treated primates.[Pubmed:14572443]

Neurobiol Dis. 2003 Nov;14(2):205-17.

The neuroprotective efficacy of the propargylamine TCH346 was studied in the primate model of Parkinson's disease, the bilaterally MPTP-treated monkey. Male rhesus monkeys received 2.5 mg MPTP into the left carotid artery and, 8 weeks later, 1.25 mg MPTP into the right carotid artery. Starting 2 h after the second MPTP infusion, either 0.014 mg/kg TCH346 or its solvent was subcutaneously injected twice per day for 14 days. The first MPTP treatment induced mild Parkinson symptoms, reduced right limb movements, and reduced FDOPA uptake in the left striatum. The second MPTP treatment made Parkinson symptoms worse, reduced left limb movements, and reduced FDOPA uptake in the right striatum of solvent-treated monkeys. In contrast, the second MPTP treatment did not further worsen motor symptoms and did not decrease FDOPA uptake in the right striatum of TCH346-treated monkeys. Although the effects of the second MPTP treatment were largely prevented, the effects of the first MPTP treatment were not reversed by TCH346. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the dramatic loss of dopamine cells in vehicle-treated monkeys and the preservation of these neurons in the right brain side of the TCH346-treated animals. In conclusion, systemic administration of TCH346 prevented motor symptoms and nigrostriatal degeneration induced by MPTP in primates.

An orally active anti-apoptotic molecule (CGP 3466B) preserves mitochondria and enhances survival in an animal model of motoneuron disease.[Pubmed:11030721]

Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;131(4):721-8.

Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be involved in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We have tested an orally active anti-apoptotic molecule (CGP 3466B) that binds to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in an animal model with motoneuron degeneration, i.e. a mouse mutant with progressive motor neuronopathy (pmn). In pmn/pmn mice, CGP 3466B was administered orally (10 - 100 nmol kg(-1)) at the onset of the clinical symptoms (2 weeks after birth). CGP 3466B slowed disease progression as determined by a 57% increase in life-span, preservation of body weight and motor performance. This improvement was accompanied by a decreased loss of motoneurons and motoneuron fibres as well as an increase in retrograde transport. Electron microscopic analysis showed that CGP 3466B protects mitochondria which appear to be selectively disrupted in the motoneurons of pmn/pmn mice. The data support evaluation of CGP 3466B as a potential treatment for motor neuron disease.