Indican

Prevalence of NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.[Pubmed:38582749]

Int J Nurs Knowl. 2024 Apr 6.

AIM: This research quantitatively explored the prevalence of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses related to the care of patients experiencing heart failure. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted with the systematic review protocol registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022382565). METHODS: Systematic searches were performed between March and April 2022, including peer review for selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis of all included studies. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed, focusing on the proportion of nursing diagnoses in patients with heart failure. The logistic random effects model with maximum likelihood estimation assessed the combined proportion, and heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the I(2) statistic. The goodness-of-fit of the meta-analysis results was assessed using the leave-one-out method and by evaluating publication bias through contour-enhanced funnel plots. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, WOS, and Embase were used. RESULTS: Of the 11 studies that met the eligibility criteria, 44 nursing diagnoses were identified as most frequently occurring in patients experiencing heart failure, and only 16 diagnoses appeared in more than one publication. The combined mean proportion was 35.73% (95% CI = [26.67%; 48.56%]), indicating the presence of heterogeneity based on the I(2) value. However, no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of the meta-analysis suggest priority diagnoses in individuals with heart failure, such as deficient knowledge (00126). Additionally, secondary diagnoses, such as activity intolerance (00092), excess fluid volume (00026), and ineffective breathing pattern (00032), were identified as responses to decreased cardiac output (00029). Less prevalent nursing diagnoses were associated with deterioration of health status and the need for hospitalization. OBJETIVO: Investigar cuantitativamente la prevalencia de diagnosticos de enfermeria NANDA-I asociados con la atencion de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. DISENO: Revision sistematica y metanalisis. El protocolo de revision sistematica quedo registrado en PROSPERO) numero de registro: CRD42022382565). METODOS: Se realizaron busquedas sistematicas entre marzo y abril de 2022, llevandose a cabo una revision por pares sobre la seleccion, evaluacion de calidad, extraccion de datos y analisis de todos los estudios incluidos. Se realizo un metanalisis posterior centrado en la proporcion de diagnosticos de enfermeria en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. El modelo logistico de efectos aleatorios con estimacion de maxima verosimilitud evaluo la proporcion combinada y la heterogeneidad entre los estudios se evaluo mediante el estadistico I(2). La bondad de ajuste de los resultados del metanalisis se evaluo mediante el metodo Leave-one-out y la evaluacion del sesgo de publicacion mediante graficos de embudo (funnel plot), denominado Contour-Enhanced Funnel Plot. FUENTES DE DATOS: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, WOS, Embase. RESULTADOS: En los 11 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad, se identificaron 44 diagnosticos de enfermeria aunque solo 16 diagnosticos aparecieron en mas de una publicacion. La proporcion media combinada fue del 35,73% (IC del 95%) = [26,67%; 48,56%]), y el valor de I(2) indica la presencia de heterogeneidad, aunque no hay sesgo de publicacion. CONCLUSION: Los resultados de este metaanalisis Indican que habria diagnosticos prioritarios en personas con insuficiencia cardiaca, como Conocimientos deficientes (00126). Ademas, se han identificado otros diagnosticos de enfermeria como diagnosticos secundarios: Intolerancia a la actividad (00092), Exceso de volumen de liquidos (00026) y Patron respiratorio ineficaz (00032), que seria la respuesta a Disminucion del gasto cardiaco (00029). Ademas de diagnosticos de enfermeriaa menos prevalentes relacionados con el deterioro del estado de salud y la necesidad de hospitalizacion.

Convenient preparation of indigo from the Ieaves of Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees) Bremek by enzymatic method and its MALDI-TOF-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis.[Pubmed:38574422]

Enzyme Microb Technol. 2024 Mar 28;178:110440.

The manufacturing of indigo naturalis requires prolonged leaf soaking and lime stirring; the resulting indigo purity is less than 3.00% and the yield of indigo (measured in stems and leaves weight) is less than 0.50%, making it unsuitable for use in industrial procedures like printing and dyeing. An enzymatic method of creating indigo without the requirement for lime was investigated in order to generate high purity indigo. Single factor tests were performed to optimize the enzymatic preparation conditions. The findings showed that 60 degrees C, pH 5.5, 200 mL of leaves extract containing 0.45 mg/mL Indican, and a 4:1 ratio of the acidic cellulose (activity: 9000 U/mL, liquid) to Indican were the ideal parameters for enzymatic preparation. The yield of indigo was 40.32%, and the contents of indigo and indirubin were 37.37% and 2.30%, respectively. MALDI-TOF-MS in positive ion mode and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in both positive and negative ion modes were used to analyze indigo extracts from Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees) Bremek by enzymatic preparation. It has been discovered that 13 alkaloids, 5 organic acids, 3 terpenoids, 3 steroids, 2 flavones, and 7 other compounds are present in indigo extracts. The presence of the indigo, indirubin, isorhamnetin, tryptanthrin, indigodole B, and indigodole C determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was verified by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. The enzymatic preparation of indigo extracts kept the same chemical makeup as conventional indigo naturalis. Thermal analysis and SEM morphology were used to confirm that there was no lime in the indigo extract. During the enzymatic process, Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek was employed more effectively, increasing the yield and purity of indigo.

Indigofera cryptantha-induced pigmenturia in cattle in South Africa.[Pubmed:38508242]

Toxicon. 2024 May 6;242:107690.

Two field cases of reddish-black pigmenturia occurred where cattle grazed on an established Cenchrus ciliaris (blue buffalo grass) pasture in South Africa. The pasture was noticeably invaded by Indigofera cryptantha, which was heavily grazed. Apart from the discolored urine, no other clinical abnormalities were detected. Urinalysis revealed hemoglobinuria, proteinuria and an alkaline pH. When the animals were immediately removed from the infested pasture, they made an uneventful recovery. However, a bull died when one of the herds could not be removed from the I. cryptantha-infested pasture. Macroscopically, the kidneys were dark red in color and the urinary bladder contained the dark pigmented urine. Microscopically, the renal tubules contained eosinophilic, granular pigment casts in the lumen. In addition, many renal tubular epithelial cells were attenuated with granular cytoplasm and were detached from the basement membranes. Chemical analysis was performed on dried, milled plant material and two urine samples collected during the field investigations. Qualitative UPLC-UV-qTOF/MS analysis revealed the presence of Indican (indoxyl-beta-glucoside) in the stems, leaves and pods of I. cryptantha and indoxyl sulfate was identified, and confirmed with an analytical standard, in the urine samples. It is proposed that following ingestion of I. cryptantha, Indican will be hydrolysed in the liver to indoxyl and conjugated with sulfate. Indoxyl sulfate will then be excreted in relatively high concentrations in the urine. In the alkaline urine, two indoxyl molecules might dimerize to form leucoindigo with subsequent oxidation to indigo, thus, contributing to the dark pigmentation of the urine. It is also possible that indoxyl sulfate contributed to the renal failure and death of the bull. Although I. suffruticosa-induced hemoglobinuria has been described in Brazil, this is the first report of I. cryptantha-induced pigmenturia in cattle in South Africa.

The Variability of Tryptophan Metabolism in Patients with Mixed Type of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.[Pubmed:38473797]

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 22;25(5):2550.

Patients with a mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M) experience constipation and diarrhea, which alternate between weeks or months. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still little understood. The aim of the study was mainly to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan (TRP) metabolites during the constipation and diarrhea periods of this syndrome. In 36 patients with IBS-M and 36 healthy people, serum serotonin level was measured by ELISA and urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN) and Indican (3-IS) were determined using the LC-MS/MS method. The levels of all above metabolites were higher in the patient group, and increased significantly during the diarrheal period of IBS-M. In particular, the changes concerned 5-HIAA (3.67 +/- 0.86 vs. 4.59 +/- 0.95 mg/gCr, p < 0.001) and 3-IS (80.2 +/- 17.4 vs. 93.7 +/- 25.1 mg/g/Cr, p < 0.001). These changes coexisted with gut microbiome changes, assessed using hydrogen-methane and ammonia breath tests. In conclusion, the variability of TRP metabolism and the gut microbiome may cause the alternation of IBS-M symptoms.

Dinotefuran exposure alters biochemical, metabolomic, gut microbiome, and growth responses in decapoda pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.[Pubmed:38452673]

J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 5;469:133930.

Dinotefuran, a neonicotinoid insecticide, may impact nontarget organisms such as Decapoda P. vannamei shrimp with nervous systems similar to insects. Exposing shrimp to low dinotefuran concentrations (6, 60, and 600 mug/L) for 21 days affected growth, hepatosomatic index, and survival. Biomarkers erythromycin-N-demethylase, alanine aminotransferase, and catalase increased in all exposed groups, while glutathione S-transferase is the opposite; aminopyrin-N-demethylase, malondialdehyde, and aspartate aminotransferase increased at 60 and 600 mug/L. Concentration-dependent effects on gut microbiota altered the abundance of bacterial groups, increased potentially pathogenic and oxidative stress-resistant phenotypes, and decreased biofilm formation. Gram-positive/negative microbiota changed significantly. Metabolite differences between the exposed and control groups were identified using mass spectrometry and KEGG pathway enrichment. N-acetylcystathionine showed potential as a reliable dinotefuran metabolic marker. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) results indicated high connectivity of cruecdysone in the metabolite network and significant enrichment at 600 mug/L dinotefuran. The WGCNA results revealed a highly significant negative correlation between two key metabolites, caldine and Indican, and the gut microbiota within co-expression modules. Overall, the risk of dinotefuran exposure to non-target organisms in aquatic environments still requires further attention.

Chemoenzymatic indican for light-driven denim dyeing.[Pubmed:38413572]

Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 27;15(1):1489.

Blue denim, a billion-dollar industry, is currently dyed with indigo in an unsustainable process requiring harsh reducing and alkaline chemicals. Forming indigo directly in the yarn through Indican (indoxyl-beta-glucoside) is a promising alternative route with mild conditions. Indican eliminates the requirement for reducing agent while still ending as indigo, the only known molecule yielding the unique hue of blue denim. However, a bulk source of Indican is missing. Here, we employ enzyme and process engineering guided by techno-economic analyses to develop an economically viable drop-in Indican synthesis technology. Rational engineering of PtUGT1, a glycosyltransferase from the indigo plant, alleviated the severe substrate inactivation observed with the wildtype enzyme at the titers needed for bulk production. We further describe a mild, light-driven dyeing process. Finally, we conduct techno-economic, social sustainability, and comparative life-cycle assessments. These indicate that the presented technologies have the potential to significantly reduce environmental impacts from blue denim dyeing with only a modest cost increase.