Pectolinarin

Assessment of the pectolinarin content and the radical scavenging-linked antiobesity activity of Cirsium setidens Nakai extracts.[Reference: WebLink]

Food Sci. Biotech., 2015, 24(6):2235-43.

Cirsium setidens Nakai contains bioactive compounds that exert biological activities.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Method validation for analysis of the Pectolinarin content in Cirsium setidens extracts (CSE) and radical scavenging-linked antiobesity activities using 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice were performed. The Pectolinarin content of CSE was 2.81±0.01 mg/g with a high degree of linearity in calibration curves (R 2=0.9999). CSE exhibited free radical-scavenging activities and a reducing power. CSE and Pectolinarin inhibited lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factors. CSE supplementation suppressed body weight in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet and reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and glucose levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
Pectolinarin-enriched CSE can be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and antiobesity ingredients.

Anti-inflammatory activity of pectolinarigenin and pectolinarin isolated from Cirsium chanroenicum.[Pubmed: 18981574]

Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Nov;31(11):2063-7.

METHODS AND RESULTS:
In order to identify the active anti-inflammatory ingredient(s) in Cirsium chanroenicum (Compositae), its methanol extract and several solvent fractions were prepared; the methanol extract and the ethylacetate fraction inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-mediated leukotriene (LT) production in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells and A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells, respectively. Further bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethylacetate fraction using column chromatography led to the isolation of pectolinarigenin (5,7-dihydroxy-4',6-dimethoxyflavone), along with Pectolinarin [pectolinarigenin 7-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-glucoside]. Pectolinarigenin strongly inhibited COX-2-mediated PGE2 and 5-LOX-mediated LT production at >1 microM, indicating that it is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. However, pectolinarigenin did not affect COX-2 expression or nuclear transcription factor (NF-kappaB) activation. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated that oral administration of these two compounds at 20-100 mg/kg resulted in similar inhibitory activities against several animal models of inflammation/allergy: arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
CONCLUSIONS:
All of these results suggest that pectolinarigenin and Pectolinarin possess anti-inflammatory activity and that they may inhibit eicosanoid formation in inflammatory lesions. These activities certainly contribute to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of C. chanroenicum.

A comparative study of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of pectolinarin isolated from Cirsium subcoriaceum and linarin isolated from Buddleia cordata.[Pubmed: 9525105]

Planta Med. 1998 Mar;64(2):134-7.

METHODS AND RESULTS:
The dried aqueous extract of aerial parts of Cirsium subcoriaceum (Asteraceae) and its major flavonoid glycoside, Pectolinarin, have been evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats, respectively. Both the extract and Pectolinarin exerted significant and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Also, the anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract of Buddleia cordata and its principal glycoside linarin were evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results of pharmacological testing proved that linarin is a better anti-inflammatory agent than Pectolinarin and indomethacin. On the other hand, Pectolinarin exerted a better analgesic effect than linarin.

Pectolinarin and Pectolinarigenin of Cirsium setidens Prevent the Hepatic Injury in Rats Caused by D-Galactosamine via an Antioxidant Mechanism.[Pubmed: 18379079]

Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Apr;31(4):760-4.

To identify the hepatoprotective component from the leaves of Cirsium setidens (Compositae), the methanolic extract was divided into two fractions, chloroform and butanol fractions, and their hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a rat model of hepatic injury caused by D-galactosamine (GalN).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Hepatoprotective activity was measured by the activity of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione metabolism was measured via biochemical parameters such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. We subjected the butanol fraction, which had higher activity, to column chromatography to yield Pectolinarin, which was further hydrolyzed to yield pectolinarigenin. Administration (10, 20 mg/kg, p.o.) of the main flavonoid glycoside component, Pectolinarin, and its aglycone, pectolinarigenin, for 2 weeks significantly decreased the activity levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH, indicating that the two compounds have hepatoprotective activity. Pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin also increased activity levels of GSH, GR, GCS, and GST, as well as SOD. The significant effect was only seen in SOD activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
This suggests that the two components exhibit hepatoprotective activity mainly via SOD antioxidant mechanism.