Skimmin

CAS# 93-39-0

Skimmin

2D Structure

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Skimmin

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Chemical Properties of Skimmin

Cas No. 93-39-0 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 320361 Appearance Powder
Formula C15H16O8 M.Wt 324.3
Type of Compound Coumarins Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc.
Chemical Name 7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one
SMILES C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O
Standard InChIKey VPAOSFFTKWUGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C15H16O8/c16-6-10-12(18)13(19)14(20)15(23-10)21-8-3-1-7-2-4-11(17)22-9(7)5-8/h1-5,10,12-16,18-20H,6H2
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Skimmin

The herbs of Hydrangea paniculata

Biological Activity of Skimmin

DescriptionSkimmin has anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis; it also can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 signal pathway.
TargetsTGF-β/Smad | IL Receptor
In vitro

Geno/cytotoxicty and Apoptotic Properties of Phenolic Compounds from the Seeds of Dorema Glabrum Fisch. C.A.[Pubmed: 25671175 ]

Bioimpacts. 2014;4(4):191-8.

Dorema glabrum (Apiaceae) is a rare and monocarpic species distributed in Transcaucasia and North West of Iran. We aimed to explore anti-cancer potency of bioactive compounds from the seeds of Dorma glabrum.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Methanol extract was subjected to phytochemical investigation using normal phase Sep-pak and reversed-phase HPLC, and cytotoxic effect of isolated compounds on CAOV-4 cell line was evaluated. Furthermore, Annexin V/PI staining and comet assay were used to study genotoxicity of compounds. Diglucosyl caffeoyl ester (1), Glucopyranosylcaffeic acid (2) and Skimmin (3), were identified. MTT cytotoxicity assay showed growth inhibition of CAOV-4 cells due to treatment with compunds (1), (2) and (3) with an IC50 of 99.7, 87.3 and 70.03 μg/ml at 48 h, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed occurrence of early/late apoptosis in the (1)-treated cells, while (2)-and (3)-treated cells necrosis/late apoptosis was dominant event. Single/double strands DNA breakages were observed by comet assay in all treatments.
CONCLUSIONS:
This work provides sufficient information about anti-cancer properties of the diglucosyl caffeoyl ester from the seeds of D. glabrum.

In vivo

Skimmin, a coumarin, suppresses the streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats.[Pubmed: 22664227]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 5;692(1-3):78-83.

Skimmin, a major active ingredient from Hydrangea paniculata, was considered to have the possible preventive effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy based on the traditional Chinese medicine. The present study aimed to assess this preventive activity in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Adult wistar rats were induced to develop diabetic nephropathy through injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Animals were treated orally with saline, Skimmin at 7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg, and losartan (10mg/kg) daily for 17 weeks. At 7 and 17 weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical examination; at the end of 17 weeks, all the kidney tissues were collected for the histological examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and its receptors in blood and kidney tissues respectively. Our results suggested that Skimmin could decrease the Scr and glucose level in blood of diabetic rats significantly (P<0.01), and increase the creatinine clearance (P<0.01), similar changes were also observed in the losartan-treated rats. In histological examination, Skimmin-treated rats showed a significant decrease in glomcrulus segmented sclerosis and incidence of tubule vacuolar degeneration (P<0.01), similar but less significant beneficial effects were observed for losartan treatment. By ELISA, western blotting and RT-PCR, we found Skimmin could down-regulate the TGF-β1 and TGF-β Receptor I expression both at protein and mRNA levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that the Skimmin can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 signal pathway.

Protocol of Skimmin

Animal Research

Skimmin, a Coumarin from Hydrangea paniculata, Slows down the Progression of Membranous Glomerulonephritis by Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Inhibiting Immune Complex Deposition.[Pubmed: 23990847]

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:819296.

Skimmin is one of the major pharmacologically active molecules present in Hydrangea paniculata, a medical herb used in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the current study, we attempted to investigate its renoprotective activity and underlying mechanisms in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups, including normal control, model control, Mycophenolate Mofetil-treated group, and two Skimming-treated groups (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). Our research showed that treatment with Skimmin significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and serum creatinine (Scr) as compared with model control after experimental induction of membranous glomerulonephritis (P < 0.01). Moreover, glomerular hypercellularity, tubulointerstitial injury, and glomerular deposition of IgG were less intense after Skimmin treatment. By immunochemistry analysis, we demonstrated that Skimmin could significantly inhibit interleukin-1 β (IL1 β ) and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05), reduce the loss of nephrin and podocin, and suppress the infiltration of renal interstitium by CD3-positive T cell and CD20-positive B cell.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that treatment with Skimmin can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis.

Skimmin Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Skimmin

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.0836 mL 15.4178 mL 30.8356 mL 61.6713 mL 77.0891 mL
5 mM 0.6167 mL 3.0836 mL 6.1671 mL 12.3343 mL 15.4178 mL
10 mM 0.3084 mL 1.5418 mL 3.0836 mL 6.1671 mL 7.7089 mL
50 mM 0.0617 mL 0.3084 mL 0.6167 mL 1.2334 mL 1.5418 mL
100 mM 0.0308 mL 0.1542 mL 0.3084 mL 0.6167 mL 0.7709 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Skimmin

Skimmin, a coumarin, suppresses the streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats.[Pubmed:22664227]

Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 5;692(1-3):78-83.

Skimmin, a major active ingredient from Hydrangea paniculata, was considered to have the possible preventive effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy based on the traditional Chinese medicine. The present study aimed to assess this preventive activity in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Adult wistar rats were induced to develop diabetic nephropathy through injection of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Animals were treated orally with saline, Skimmin at 7.5, 15 and 30mg/kg, and losartan (10mg/kg) daily for 17 weeks. At 7 and 17 weeks, blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical examination; at the end of 17 weeks, all the kidney tissues were collected for the histological examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta1) and its receptors in blood and kidney tissues respectively. Our results suggested that Skimmin could decrease the Scr and glucose level in blood of diabetic rats significantly (P<0.01), and increase the creatinine clearance (P<0.01), similar changes were also observed in the losartan-treated rats. In histological examination, Skimmin-treated rats showed a significant decrease in glomcrulus segmented sclerosis and incidence of tubule vacuolar degeneration (P<0.01), similar but less significant beneficial effects were observed for losartan treatment. By ELISA, western blotting and RT-PCR, we found Skimmin could down-regulate the TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta Receptor I expression both at protein and mRNA levels. This study suggests that the Skimmin can suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, and may slow down the renal fibrosis by regulating TGF-beta1 signal pathway.

Geno/cytotoxicty and Apoptotic Properties of Phenolic Compounds from the Seeds of Dorema Glabrum Fisch. C.A.[Pubmed:25671175]

Bioimpacts. 2014;4(4):191-8.

INTRODUCTION: Dorema glabrum (Apiaceae) is a rare and monocarpic species distributed in Transcaucasia and North West of Iran. We aimed to explore anti-cancer potency of bioactive compounds from the seeds of Dorma glabrum. METHODS: Methanol extract was subjected to phytochemical investigation using normal phase Sep-pak and reversed-phase HPLC, and cytotoxic effect of isolated compounds on CAOV-4 cell line was evaluated. Furthermore, Annexin V/PI staining and comet assay were used to study genotoxicity of compounds. RESULTS: Diglucosyl caffeoyl ester (1), Glucopyranosylcaffeic acid (2) and Skimmin (3), were identified. MTT cytotoxicity assay showed growth inhibition of CAOV-4 cells due to treatment with compunds (1), (2) and (3) with an IC50 of 99.7, 87.3 and 70.03 mug/ml at 48 h, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed occurrence of early/late apoptosis in the (1)-treated cells, while (2)-and (3)-treated cells necrosis/late apoptosis was dominant event. Single/double strands DNA breakages were observed by comet assay in all treatments. CONCLUSION: This work provides sufficient information about anti-cancer properties of the diglucosyl caffeoyl ester from the seeds of D. glabrum.

Skimmin, a Coumarin from Hydrangea paniculata, Slows down the Progression of Membranous Glomerulonephritis by Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Inhibiting Immune Complex Deposition.[Pubmed:23990847]

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:819296.

Skimmin is one of the major pharmacologically active molecules present in Hydrangea paniculata, a medical herb used in the traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the current study, we attempted to investigate its renoprotective activity and underlying mechanisms in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin (c-BSA). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups, including normal control, model control, Mycophenolate Mofetil-treated group, and two Skimming-treated groups (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg). Our research showed that treatment with Skimmin significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and serum creatinine (Scr) as compared with model control after experimental induction of membranous glomerulonephritis (P < 0.01). Moreover, glomerular hypercellularity, tubulointerstitial injury, and glomerular deposition of IgG were less intense after Skimmin treatment. By immunochemistry analysis, we demonstrated that Skimmin could significantly inhibit interleukin-1 beta (IL1 beta ) and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05), reduce the loss of nephrin and podocin, and suppress the infiltration of renal interstitium by CD3-positive T cell and CD20-positive B cell. These results suggest that treatment with Skimmin can significantly improve renal function and suppress the IgG deposition as well as the development of glomerular lesions in a rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis.

Description

Skimmin (Umbelliferone glucoside) is a coumarin found in Hydrangea paniculata, inhibits immune complex deposition, with anti-inflammatory activity.

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