Sunset yellow

Sunset Yellow FCF is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13. Sunset Yellow is used in food, cosmetics, and drugs.

Artificial neural network (ANN) method for modeling of sunset yellow dye adsorption using zinc oxide nanorods loaded on activated carbon: Kinetic and isotherm study.[Pubmed:24995412]

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2015 Jan 5;134:1-9.

In this research, ZnO nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon (ZnO-NPs-AC) was synthesized simply by a low cost and nontoxic procedure. The characterization and identification have been completed by different techniques such as SEM and XRD analysis. A three layer artificial neural network (ANN) model is applicable for accurate prediction of dye removal percentage from aqueous solution by ZnO-NRs-AC following conduction of 270 experimental data. The network was trained using the obtained experimental data at optimum pH with different ZnO-NRs-AC amount (0.005-0.015 g) and 5-40 mg/L of Sunset yellow dye over contact time of 0.5-30 min. The ANN model was applied for prediction of the removal percentage of present systems with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA), a linear transfer function (purelin) at output layer and a tangent sigmoid transfer function (tansig) in the hidden layer with 6 neurons. The minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0008 and coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.998 were found for prediction and modeling of SY removal. The influence of parameters including adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration, pH and contact time on Sunset yellow (SY) removal percentage were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. Optimal conditions were set as follows: pH, 2.0; 10 min contact time; an adsorbent dose of 0.015 g. Equilibrium data fitted truly with the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 142.85 mg/g for 0.005 g adsorbent. The adsorption of Sunset yellow followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation.

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Sunset Yellow and Brilliant Blue, colorant food additives, on human blood lymphocytes.[Pubmed:25553699]

Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015 Jan;28(1):227-30.

The synthetic dyes over fifty are used in many areas including the food industry around the world. Sunset yellow FCF and Brilliant Blue FCF are used as colorant food additives in many food products. The present study investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Sunset yellow and Brilliant Blue. Genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of the food additives were evaluated in lymphocyte cell cultures using mitotic index, replication index and micronucleus assay. Mitotic index frequencies and replication index values were decreased and micronucleus frequency was increased with increasing concentrations of Sunset yellow and Brilliant Blue. The changes in mitotic index and micronucleus are statistically significant (p<0.05). The results show that the Sunset yellow and Brilliant Blue can have cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. It care must be taken when using these materials as a food additive.

Development of a polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Sunset Yellow FCF in food samples.[Pubmed:22967531]

Talanta. 2012 Sep 15;99:125-31.

Sunset yellow FCF is widely used as food additives to make foods more attractive. Due to its abuse and potential risk to human health, Sunset yellow FCF is precisely limited to use in food. To monitor the illegal use of Sunset yellow FCF, a polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity was developed. A carboxyl group was introduced to Sunset yellow FCF, then the modified hapten was coupled with carrier proteins to synthesize the immunogen and coating antigen. The IC(50) value of 0.52 ng mL(-1) and detection limit of 25 pg mL(-1) (in buffer) were achieved by this method. The cross-reactivity values of the antibodies with six structurally related colorants were less than 1.5%, indicating the high selectivity. Three kinds of food samples (beverage, dried beancurd, braised pork) and serum were chosen to evaluate the application of the immunoassay in real systems. The limits of detection (LOD) in the above three food samples were 0.12, 0.04 and 1.11, respectively (mean+3SD). The recovery (94%-106%), intra-assay (<5%) and inter-assay (<12%) coefficients of variation in foods and serum samples were also acceptable. The results suggest that this ELISA method is a specific, sensitive and simple method for the determination of Sunset yellow FCF additives.

Investigating the interaction of sunset yellow aggregates and 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid: increasing probe molecule complexity.[Pubmed:24861207]

Magn Reson Chem. 2014 Aug;52(8):435-9.

The interaction of small molecules with non-covalent assemblies is of wide interest. The use of a magnetically active reporter nucleus allows information to be obtained in the presence of spectral overlap or in cases of high dynamic range. In this paper, we explore the interaction of a larger probe molecule, 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid with assemblies of Sunset yellow using (19)F chemical shifts and diffusion NMR methods. Comparing the observations with previous studies using fluorophenols, 6-fluoro-2-naphthoic acid prefers to associate as clusters at the ends of the Sunset yellow stacks.

Sunset Yellow FCF is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13.

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