4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol

The herbs of Cistanche deserticola Ma

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol confers neuroprotection through up-regulation of antioxidant protein expression.[Pubmed:23624876]

Neurochem Res. 2013 Jul;38(7):1501-16.

An herb-derived phenolic compound, 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation remain unclear. Here we used an in vitro ischemic model of oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R) and an in vivo ischemic model of middle cerebral artery occlusion to investigate the relevant neuroprotective mechanisms. We demonstrated that 4-HBA reduced the neuronal injury, LDH release, and up-regulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) induced by OGD/R. Furthermore, 4-HBA reduced the cerebral infarct size and improved the behavioral parameters after cerebral ischemia. These neuroprotective effects may be conferred by the 4-HBA mediated upregulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) by the use of 4-HBA. Interestingly, LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, blocked the increase in phosphorylation of Akt and abolished the neuroprotection associated with 4-HBA. Our results suggested that 4-HBA protects neurons against cerebral ischemic injury, and this neuroprotection may occur through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Modulation of LPS-stimulated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia by Gastrodia elata: 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is the bioactive candidate.[Pubmed:22155394]

J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan 31;139(2):549-57.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae, GE) a traditional plant in Oriental countries is known for its enormous benefits to treat headaches, dizziness, vertigo and convulsive illnesses. In the present study, the ethnopharmacological role of GE in neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia and the mechanisms underlying were reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BV-2 microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed and the effects of GE on corresponding neuroinflammatory parameters were assessed. RESULTS: GE extract inhibited LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines and down regulated the c-Jun NH(2)-Terminal Kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways, which are known to be involved in neuroinflammation. Further, inhibition of NO and iNOS by 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), one of the active constituent of GE in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells suggest that 4-HBA might be the bioactive candidate. CONCLUSION: GE extract and its active constituent 4-HBA could be further exploited to mitigate microglial activation and may be developed as a new therapeutic remedy in treating various neuroinflammatory diseases.

Anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.[Pubmed:17883894]

J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;59(9):1235-40.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), one of the well-known phenolic compounds in diverse plants, displayed a significant inhibition in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. HBA was shown to contain an anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced air pouch model in rats and acetic acid-induced permeability model in mice. Anti-nociceptive activity of HBA was also assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. HBA was able to suppress production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the macrophages, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was diminished by HBA. Taken together, HBA possesses anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity possibly via its down-regulating activity on NO production, which may be partly responsible for the pharmacological efficacy of several folkloric medicines.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the anti-angiogenic actions of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.[Pubmed:21366552]

Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;163(4):835-44.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) is a phenolic plant compound, which has been shown to influence many cellular mechanisms. In the present study, we analysed in vitro and in vivo the anti-angiogenic actions of this pleiotropic agent. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Migration and protein expression of HBA- and vehicle-treated endothelial-like eEND2 cells was assessed by cell migration assay and Western blot analyses. HBA action on vascular sprouting was analysed in an aortic ring assay. In vivo anti-angiogenic actions of HBA were studied in the dorsal skinfold chamber model of endometriosis in mice. KEY RESULTS: Western blot analyses demonstrated that HBA inhibited proliferation of eEND2 cells, as indicated by down-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9. HBA suppressed the migration of eEND2 cells, accompanied by inhibition of actin filament reorganization, revealed by fluorescence staining of the cytoskeleton. In addition, HBA reduced vascular sprouting in the aortic ring assay. Finally, we found, in the dorsal skinfold chamber model in vivo using intravital fluorescence microscopy, that HBA inhibited the vascularization of developing endometriotic lesions, as indicated by a decreased functional capillary density of lesions in HBA-treated mice and a reduced lesion size, compared with control animals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: HBA targets several angiogenic mechanisms and therefore represents a promising anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of angiogenic diseases, such as endometriosis.

4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: a novel inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth.[Pubmed:23743167]

Life Sci. 2013 Jul 19;93(1):44-50.

AIMS: The herbal compound 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) is a pleiotropic agent, which has been shown to effectively inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process. Because angiogenesis is a major prerequisite for tumor growth, the aim of this study was to analyze for the first time, whether HBA may be used for anti-cancer therapy. MAIN METHODS: CT26.WT colon carcinoma cells were exposed to different HBA doses to study their viability, migration, invasiveness and protein expression compared to vehicle-treated controls. Moreover, CT26.WT cell spheroids were transplanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of HBA-treated and vehicle-treated BALB/c mice for the analysis of tumor vascularization and growth by means of repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS: As shown by water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, HBA treatment dose-dependently reduced the viability and integrity of the tumor cells. Moreover, phalloidin staining of HBA-treated cells revealed a disorganized cytoskeleton, which was associated with a decreased cellular migratory and invasive activity. In addition, the cells presented with a significantly increased expression of the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 and a decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 when compared to controls. Finally, HBA treatment inhibited the vascularization and growth of newly developing CT26.WT tumors in the mouse dorsal skinfold chamber model without affecting the normal behavior of the animals. SIGNIFICANCE: These novel findings indicate that HBA represents a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

Neuroprotective effect of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol against transient focal cerebral ischemia via anti-apoptosis in rats.[Pubmed:19857470]

Brain Res. 2010 Jan 13;1308:167-75.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), one of the major active phenolic constituents of Gastrodia elata Blume, a very important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been shown to be an effective agent against the central and peripheral nervous disorders. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection against transient focal cerebral ischemia by 4-HBA.4-HBA (25, 50 mg/kg) was given 30 min before focal ischemia in rats caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (1 h of occlusion, 24 h of reperfusion). Under the treatment of 50 mg/kg 4-HBA, total (100.76+/-2.90 mm(3)), cortical (64.91+/-1.46 mm(3)), and sub-cortical (38.77+/-2.78 mm(3)) infarct volumes were significantly decreased in comparison to ischemia-reperfusion values. Neurological evaluation and Nissl-staining of the 4-HBA group were improved significantly compared to the untreated ischemia group. TUNEL-positive cells were reduced significantly in 4-HBA treated group. Results of immunofluorescence staining analysis and Western immunoblot indicated that 4-HBA increased the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 ultimately inhibiting apoptosis. These results suggested that 4-HBA ameliorated ischemic injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and this neuroprotective effect may be partly related to attenuate apoptosis pathway.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol is a phenolic compound widely distributed in various kinds of plants. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-nociceptive activity. Neuroprotective effect. Inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and growth.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol,623-05-2,Natural Products, buy 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol , 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol supplier , purchase 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol , 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol cost , 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol manufacturer , order 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol , high purity 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol