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Anamorelin hydrochloride

GHSR/ghrelin receptor agonist CAS# 861998-00-7

Anamorelin hydrochloride

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Chemical structure

Anamorelin hydrochloride

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Anamorelin hydrochloride

Cas No. 861998-00-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 16072155 Appearance Powder
Formula C31H43ClN6O3 M.Wt 583.16
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms RC-1291 hydrochloride; ONO-7643 hydrochloride
Solubility DMSO : ≥ 28 mg/mL (48.01 mM)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name 2-amino-N-[(2R)-1-[(3R)-3-benzyl-3-[dimethylamino(methyl)carbamoyl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide;hydrochloride
SMILES CC(C)(C(=O)NC(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N3CCCC(C3)(CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)N(C)N(C)C)N.Cl
Standard InChIKey VFYAEUWJFGTGGO-GHTUPXNNSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C31H42N6O3.ClH/c1-30(2,32)28(39)34-26(18-23-20-33-25-15-10-9-14-24(23)25)27(38)37-17-11-16-31(21-37,29(40)36(5)35(3)4)19-22-12-7-6-8-13-22;/h6-10,12-15,20,26,33H,11,16-19,21,32H2,1-5H3,(H,34,39);1H/t26-,31-;/m1./s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Anamorelin hydrochloride

DescriptionAnamorelin hydrochloride is a novel ghrelin receptor agonist with EC50 value of 0.74 nM in the FLIPR assay.In Vitro:In the FLIPR assay, Anamorelin (ANAM) shows significant agonist activity on the ghrelin receptor, with EC50 value of 0.74 nM. No significant antagonist activity is observed with Anamorelin at concentrations of up to 1,000 nM. In the binding experiments, Anamorelin binds to the ghrelin receptor with a binding affinity constant (Ki) of 0.70 nM. In the competition assay with radiolabeled ibutamoren (35S-MK-677; another ghrelin receptor agonist) Anamorelin (ANAM) is also found to bind with high affinity to the ghrelin receptor (IC50=0.69 nM). In rat pituitary cells incubated with Anamorelin, there is a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on GH release and the potency (EC50) is 1.5 nM. Anamorelin is screened for activity against a set of over 100 receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Anamorelin demonstrates binding to the tachykinin neurokinin 2 (NK2) site (IC50=0.021 μM); however, a subsequent NK2 functional assay demonstrates no functional activity[1].In Vivo:In rats, Anamorelin (ANAM) at an oral dose of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg once daily significantly increases both food intake and body weight from Day 2 to Day 7 of treatment compared with the vehicle control. The cumulative change in food intake and weight gain increases dose-dependently, and these changes are significant at all dose levels (P<0.05) compared to the control. Administration of Anamorelin at a single oral dose of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg induces a dose-dependent increase in plasma GH levels and GH AUC0-6h in rats[1].

References:
[1]. Pietra C, et al. Anamorelin HCl (ONO-7643), a novel ghrelin receptor agonist, for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexiasyndrome: preclinical profile. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014 Dec;5(4):329-37.

Protocol

Kinase Assay [1]
For the competition assay, Anamorelin (ANAM) concentrations (1 pM-10 μM) are added to the membranes together with 35S-MK-677. Nonspecific binding is determined by adding 10 μM nonlabeled MK-677. The mixture is incubated at 30°C for 60 min, followed by application of the samples to GF/B filters, which has been pretreated with 0.5 % PEI for 60 min. The filters are subsequently washed in 0.9 % NaCl and counted using an OptiPhase counter[1].

Animal Administration [1]
Rats[1] For the assessment of food intake and body weight, rats are divided into four groups: Anamorelin 3 mg/kg (n=7), 10 mg/kg (n=7), or 30 mg/kg (n=7), or vehicle control (n=8), and 100 μL blood samples are collected before and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after single dosing. Rats are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital 64.8 mg/kg. A catheter filled with heparinized saline solution is inserted in the left femoral artery for blood collection and fitted with an extension tube, 1 mL sampling syringe, and a three-way cock to allow excess blood to return. Plasma levels of GH are measured immunochemically using a Rat Growth Hormone EIA kit and microplate reader. Measurements are performed in duplicate. Area under the GH concentration curve from 0 to 6 h (AUC0-6h) postdose and the time course of GH plasma concentrations are evaluated. Pig[1] In pigs (n=6 per group), Anamorelin is dosed directly into the gastric lumen via the dosing catheter. Blood samples are collected for the stimulation profile of GH at 30 and 15 min before, and 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min following dosing. Animals received either a single dose (3.5 mg/kg), or once-daily administration (1 mg/kg) for 7 days and stimulation profiles are taken after the first and seventh dose of Anamorelin. To assess IGF-1 levels, pigs receive either placebo or Anamorelin for 7 days (1 mg/kg/day), and the following 7 days the two treatments are crossed over. A single blood sample is taken once a day immediately before dosing.

References:
[1]. Pietra C, et al. Anamorelin HCl (ONO-7643), a novel ghrelin receptor agonist, for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexiasyndrome: preclinical profile. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2014 Dec;5(4):329-37.

Anamorelin hydrochloride Dilution Calculator

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Anamorelin hydrochloride Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Anamorelin hydrochloride

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 1.7148 mL 8.574 mL 17.148 mL 34.2959 mL 42.8699 mL
5 mM 0.343 mL 1.7148 mL 3.4296 mL 6.8592 mL 8.574 mL
10 mM 0.1715 mL 0.8574 mL 1.7148 mL 3.4296 mL 4.287 mL
50 mM 0.0343 mL 0.1715 mL 0.343 mL 0.6859 mL 0.8574 mL
100 mM 0.0171 mL 0.0857 mL 0.1715 mL 0.343 mL 0.4287 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Anamorelin hydrochloride

Anamorelin hydrochloride is the orally bioavailable hydrochloride salt of a synthetic, small-molecule ghrelin mimetic with appetite-stimulating and anabolic activities. Anamorelin binds to and stimulates the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) centrally, thereby mimicking the appetite-stimulating and growth hormone-releasing effects of grhelin. Stimulation of GHSR may also reduce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and interleukin-6, which may play a direct role in cancer-related loss of appetite.

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References on Anamorelin hydrochloride

Anamorelin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer-anorexia-cachexia in NSCLC.[Pubmed:25945893]

Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015 Jun;16(8):1245-53.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Anamorelin is a novel, orally active ghrelin receptor agonist in clinical development for the treatment of CACS in NSCLC. The aim of this review is to summarize preclinical and clinical studies evaluating anamorelin as a potential promising treatment for CACS in NSCLC. AREAS COVERED: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of anamorelin for the treatment of CACS in NSCLC were reviewed. Anamorelin administration may lead to increases in food intake, body weight and lean body mass, and a stimulatory effect on growth hormone secretion in NSCLC patients. Anamorelin is well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities identified to date. EXPERT OPINION: Targeting ghrelin receptors presents the advantage of potentially addressing multiple mechanisms of CACS simultaneously including appetite, muscle protein balance, adipose tissue metabolism, energy expenditure and inflammation. Clinical data suggest that anamorelin is well tolerated and it effectively increases appetite, body weight and lean mass in patients with advanced NSCLC. Long-term safety remains unknown at this time. The potential synergistic effects of anamorelin with nutritional support or exercise as well as its efficacy/safety in other tumor types are also unknown.

Anamorelin hydrochloride in the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome.[Pubmed:24472001]

Future Oncol. 2014 Apr;10(5):789-802.

Anamorelin hydrochloride is an orally active ghrelin receptor agonist in development by Helsinn, for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cachexia. In preclinical and clinical studies, the potent affinity of anamorelin for the ghrelin receptor is associated with significant appetite-enhancing activity and resultant improvements in body weight, lean body mass, and handgrip strength compared with placebo. The accompanying stimulatory effects on growth hormone and IGF-1 are not associated with tumor growth, and overall survival in patients with cancer is not compromised. Anamorelin is well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities identified to date. The findings of ongoing Phase III studies are needed to confirm the significant potential of anamorelin to treat NSCLC cachexia.

Description

Anamorelin hydrochloride is a novel ghrelin receptor agonist with EC50 value of 0.74 nM in the FLIPR assay.

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