Chrysosplenol C

Bioassay-guided isolation and UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS quantification of potential anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds from flowers of Inula montana L.[Pubmed:30102993]

J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Nov 15;226:176-184.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Flowers of Inula montana L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as "Arnica de Provence", are used in the traditional medicine of Provence in France with the same indication as Arnica montana, for the relief of bruises, as an anti-inflammatory agent. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of our study is to evaluate its anti-inflammatory properties and to justify its traditional uses. Its potential valorization is evaluated in order to propose Inula montana as an alternative to Arnica montana. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bio-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract allowed the isolation of compounds responsible of the inhibition of NO production. The fractionation was realized using chromatographic techniques and structure elucidation was conducted by ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract, different fractions and isolated pure compounds was studied in vitro on immortalized mouse macrophages RAW 264.7. An analytical UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the identification of these compounds in the herbal drug. This UHPLC-DAD method was validated and was used to compare the phenolic profile and content in plant material from the two collection sites: Bonnieux and Merindol. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS. Chlorogenic acid (1), Luteolin (2), Nepetin (3), 3,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (4), 1,5-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), Nepitrin (6), Hispiduloside (7) and Jaceosid (8) were isolated and identified by NMR. Compounds 9, 10 and 11 were confirmed to be 6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,7-dimethyl ether, Hispidulin and Chrysosplenol C, respectively by comparing retention times and MS/MS data with those of the authentic substances. Six compounds: 1 and 4-8 are reported for the first time in Inula montana L. Compounds 2-8 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity with the release of NO with IC50 value <7microM. The UHPLC-DAD method of quantification of three major bioactive compounds (1, 3 and 5) was validated. CONCLUSION: Flowers extracts and isolated compounds present promising anti-inflammatory activity which provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Inula montana and may be proposed in the same indications as Arnica montana. The developed and validated simple, accurate and rapid UHPLC method can be used for the quality control of the herbal drug.

New sesquiterpene acid and inositol derivatives from Inula montana L.[Pubmed:28579553]

Fitoterapia. 2017 Jul;120:79-84.

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of leaves and flowers of Inula montana L. led to the isolation of one new sesquiterpene acid called Eldarin (1) and four new inositol derivatives, Myoinositol,1,5-diangelate-4,6-diacetate (2), Myoinositol,1,6-diangelate-4,5-diacetate (3), Myoinositol-1-angelate-4,5-diacetate-6-(2-methylbutirate) (4), Myoinositol-1-angelate-4,5-diacetate-6-isovalerate (5) isolated for the first time, along with eleven known compounds described for the first time in Inula montana, 1beta-Hydroxyarbusculin A (6), Artemorin (7), Santamarin (8), Chrysosplenol C (9), 6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,7-dimethyl ether (10), Reynosin (11), Calenduladiol-3-palmitate (12), Costunolide (13), 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzenemethanol (14), 9beta-Hydroxycostunolide (15) and Hispidulin (16). Structural elucidation has been carried out by spectral methods, such as 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV and HR-ESI-MS. These compounds have been tested in vitro for anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity on macrophages RAW 264.7. As a result, compounds 2, 3, 7, 13, 14, 15 and 16 showed a release of NO with IC50 value <30muM on macrophages.

Solubilization and formulation of chrysosplenol C in solid dispersion with hydrophilic carriers.[Pubmed:27593897]

Int J Pharm. 2016 Oct 15;512(1):314-321.

We investigated how to overcome problems associated with the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug compound, Chrysosplenol C (CRSP), as well as the effects of single and binary hydrophilic polymers (PVP K-25 and/or PEG 6000) on the solubility and dissolution parameters of CRSP. Then an optimized formulation was further developed with a surfactant. To select a surfactant suitable for a CRSP-loaded solid dispersion (SD), the solubility of CRSP in distilled water containing 1% surfactant was compared with the solubilities in other surfactants. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) showed the highest drug solubility. Overall, a formulation containing CRSP, binary hydrophilic polymers (PVP and PEG 6000), and SLS at a ratio of 2.0/0.2/1.1/0.7 showed the optimum in vitro release profile. This optimized formulation had better safety properties than pure CRSP in cell viability examinations. SD formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Our optimized SD formulation is expected to improve the bioavailability of CRPS because it improves the solubility and dissolution rate of CRSP.

Exploration of Pharmacophore in Chrysosplenol C as Activator in Ventricular Myocyte Contraction.[Pubmed:26191362]

ACS Med Chem Lett. 2015 May 20;6(7):758-63.

Chrysosplenol C (4',5,6-trihydroxy-3,3',7-trimethoxyflavone) isolated from Miliusa balansae has unique structural features as a reversible inotropic agent independent of beta-adrenergic signaling and with selective activation of cardiac myosin ATPase. Hence, a series of chrysosplenol analogues were synthesized and explored for identification of pharmacophore that is essential for the increasing contractility in rat ventricular myocytes. Analogue 7-chloro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one showed highly potent contractility (54.8% at 10 muM) through activating cardiac myosin ATPase (38.7% at 10 muM). Our systematic structure-activity relationship study revealed that flavonoid nucleus of chrososplenol C appears to be an essential basic skeleton and hydrophobic substituent at position 7 of chromenone such as methoxy or chloro enhances the activity. Additionally, our ATPase study suggested that these chrysosplenol analogues have selectivity toward cardiac myosin activation. Thus, the novel flavonone with 3-/7-hydrophobic substituent and 3'-hydrogen bonding donor function is a novel scaffold for discovery of a new positive inotropic agent.

[Study on chemical constituents of Inula cappa].[Pubmed:26137689]

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2015 Feb;40(4):672-8.

Column chromatographies over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reverse phase C18, and MCI, and semi-preparative HPLC were used for separation and purification of constituents from Inula cappa. The 22 compounds were obtained and their strutures were determined by NMR and MS spectra data as nine flavonoids: luteolin (1), apigenin (2), chrysoeriol (3), artemetin (4), 2', 5-di- hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4', 5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5), Chrysosplenol C (6), apigenin-5-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), luteolin-3-methyl, luteolin-3-methylether-4'-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), luteolin-4'-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9); four triterpenes: darma-20, 24-dien- 3beta-0-acetate (10), darma-20, 24-dien-3beta-ol (11), epirfiedelanol (12), friedelin (13); three coumarins: scopoletin (14) , isosco- poletin (15) , scopolin(16) , and other types of compounds stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3beta-0-7-one (17), stigmasterol (18), palmitic acid (19), linoleic acid (20), linoleic acid methyl ester (21), (E) -9, 12, 13-trihydroxyoetadee-10-enoie acid (22). Compound 5 is a new natural product. Compounds 3-9, 15, 17, 21, and 22 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

New pseudoguaiane derivatives from Inula aschersoniana Janka var. aschersoniana.[Pubmed:25233586]

Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Aug;9(8):1123-4.

The aerial parts of Inula aschersoniana Janka var. aschersoniana afforded parthenolide, diepoxycostunolide, inusoniolide, Chrysosplenol C and four new pseudoguaiane-type sesquiterpenoids. Their structures were determined using spectral methods and relative stereochemistry by NOESY correlations.

Chrysosplenol C increases contraction in rat ventricular myocytes.[Pubmed:21052017]

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2011 Feb;57(2):259-62.

Chrysosplenol C (4',5,6-trihydroxy-3,3',7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavone contained in several medicinal plants including Miliusa balansae and Pterocaulon sphacelatum. This compound is known to have an antiviral effect and show cytotoxic activity in several cell lines. In the present study, we explored the effect of Chrysosplenol C on contractility in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes. Chrysosplenol C was isolated from M. balansae, and cell shortenings were measured in field-stimulated single myocytes using a video edge detection method at room temperature. Chrysosplenol C was found to increase cell shortenings in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal effective concentration of 45 +/- 7.8 muM. Maximal effect of Chrysosplenol C, approximately 185% of control, was observed at >/=80 muM. The positive inotropic effect caused by Chrysosplenol C was reversible. Time-to-peak contraction and time-to-relengthening were significantly increased by Chrysosplenol C. The velocity of cell shortening was slightly accelerated, whereas that of relaxation was not altered by Chrysosplenol C. The Chrysosplenol C-induced positive inotropic effect was not inhibited by propranolol posttreatment or H-89 pretreatment, suggesting that Chrysosplenol C increased contraction independently of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and protein kinase A. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that Chrysosplenol C is a positive inotropic agent in cardiac myocytes.

A new flavone and cytotoxic activity of flavonoid constituents isolated from Miliusa balansae (Annonaceae).[Pubmed:16124409]

Pharmazie. 2005 Aug;60(8):627-9.

A new flavone named miliufavol [8-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethoxy-4H-chr omen-4-one or 8-C-(o)-hydroxybenzylpachypodol] from Miliusa balansae (Annonaceae) was isolated and structurally elucidated by spectroscopic means besides four known flavones: ombuine, chrysosplenol B, pachypodol and Chrysosplenol C. These flavonoids exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity against three human cell lines (KB, Hep-G2, RD) with IC50 values < 5 microg/ml.

Homogentisic acid derivatives from Miliusa balansae.[Pubmed:15043427]

J Nat Prod. 2004 Mar;67(3):445-7.

The new homogentisic acid derivatives miliusol (1b) and miliusolide (2) from Miliusa balansae were isolated and structurally determined by spectroscopic means. The relative configurations of the new 1b and its known acetate 1a were established. Furthermore, the symmetric ether bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl ether 3, which was isolated for the first time from a natural source, the known flavonoids pachypodol and Chrysosplenol C, and sodium benzoate were identified.

Antiviral flavonoid from Pterocaulon sphacelatum, an Australian Aboriginal medicine.[Pubmed:10624889]

J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;68(1-3):283-8.

The antipicornaviral activity of an ethanolic extract of the green aerial parts of the Australian plant Pterocaulon sphacelatum (Labill.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex F. Muell. has been investigated. This plant has been a favoured traditional medicine, used for the treatment of colds by the Australian Aboriginal people. Antiviral activity-guided fractionation of the extract of P. sphacelatum using an inhibition of poliovirus-induced cytopathic effect assay, has yielded the antiviral flavonoid Chrysosplenol C (3,7,3'-trimethoxy-5,6,4'-trihydroxyflavone). This compound is a 4'-hydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, one of a group of compounds known to be potent and specific inhibitors of picornaviral replication. These compounds inhibit the replication of rhinoviruses, the most frequent causative agent of the common cold. The coumarin 6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin was also isolated from the ethanolic extract.