Miliacin

"Miliacin encapsulated by polar lipids stimulates cell proliferation in hair bulb and improves telogen effluvium in women".[Pubmed:31135099]

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020 Feb;19(2):485-493.

BACKGROUND: Miliacin, the main triterpenoid from millet, is known to stimulate keratinocyte metabolism and proliferation. Polar lipids are able to form vesicles with active compounds and to improve their bioavailability. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to demonstrate potential benefits of a solution of Miliacin encapsulated within polar lipids (MePL) on telogen effluvium prevention and hair condition in women. METHODS: After preliminary cell proliferation studies, a placebo-controlled, multicentric, randomized, double-blind trial was performed on sixty-five nonmenopausal women affected by telogen effluvium, to assess the efficacy of a 12-week oral supplementation with MePL. Telogen and anagen densities were determined by phototrichogram analysis. Scalp dryness and hair brightness were clinically evaluated using a Likert scale. RESULTS: MePL further enhanced cell proliferation in hair bulb from human scalp than Miliacin alone. Compared to the placebo treatment, MePL supplementation significantly reduced telogen density after 12 weeks of treatment. An increase of anagen density was observed in both groups, although there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Scalp dryness was more decreased in the MePL group than in the placebo group. A better improvement of hair brightness was also observed after 12 weeks of supplementation with MePL. CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of MePL supplementation significantly reduced the hair density in the telogen phase and, in parallel, improved scalp dryness and hair condition. These effects could be linked to MePL activity on cell proliferation in hair bulb. MePL is an original association of plant extract that could help to prevent and/or limit hair loss in women.

First molecular and isotopic evidence of millet processing in prehistoric pottery vessels.[Pubmed:28004742]

Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 22;6:38767.

Analysis of organic residues in pottery vessels has been successful in detecting a range of animal and plant products as indicators of food preparation and consumption in the past. However, the identification of plant remains, especially grain crops in pottery, has proved elusive. Extending the spectrum is highly desirable, not only to strengthen our understanding of the dispersal of crops from centres of domestication but also to determine modes of food processing, artefact function and the culinary significance of the crop. Here, we propose a new approach to identify millet in pottery vessels, a crop that spread throughout much of Eurasia during prehistory following its domestication, most likely in northern China. We report the successful identification of Miliacin (olean-18-en-3beta-ol methyl ether), a pentacyclic triterpene methyl ether that is enriched in grains of common/broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), in Bronze Age pottery vessels from the Korean Peninsula and northern Europe. The presence of millet is supported by enriched carbon stable isotope values of bulk charred organic matter sampled from pottery vessel surfaces and extracted n-alkanoic acids, consistent with a C4 plant origin. These data represent the first identification of millet in archaeological ceramic vessels, providing a means to track the introduction, spread and consumption of this important crop.

[Mechanisms of realization of protective effect of miliacin during experimental Salmonella infection: effect of endotoxinemia and cytokine production].[Pubmed:25536765]

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2014 Sep-Oct;(5):8-12.

AIM: Evaluate the effect of Miliacin on the intensity of endotoxinemia and features of cytokine production in experimental salmonella infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were carried out in 128 male mice (CBAxC57Bl6)F1 divided into 4 groups: I--intact; II--infected; III--infected after administration of Miliacin solvent: tween-21; IV--infected after administration of Miliacin. Determination of the endotoxin in blood plasma was carried out by using chromogenic LAL-test. Cytokine production was studied in splenocyte culture by EIA method. RESULTS: Miliacin reduced the intensity of endotoxinemia in mice of group IV. Salmonella infection increased spontaneous (IFNgamma) and induced (IL-12, IFNgamma, IL-17) cytokine production. Miliacin ensured the most significant increase of spontaneous IL-10, IL-12 and IFNgamma production compared with groups II and III. At the same time it limited the increase of induced IL-17 production compared with groups II and III. CONCLUSION: Protective effect of Miliacin is determined by the reduction of endotoxinemia, mobilization of Th-1 response, stimulation of IL-10 production and limitation of IL-17 participation in the development of the inflammatory reaction.

[Protective effect of miliacin during experimental salmonellosis infection].[Pubmed:24605668]

Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2013 Nov-Dec;(6):3-8.

AIM: Evaluation of influence of triterpenoid Miliacin on the development of experimental salmonellosis infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were carried out in 330 male mice (CBAxC57Bl6)F1. Miliacin was administered 3 times intraperitoneally with the interval of 3 days between administrations at a single dose of 2 mg/kg. The animals were infected intraperitoneally by hospital origin Salmonella enteritidis strain (2x10(6) bacteria per mice). 4 groups of mice were used: I - intact; II - infected; III - infected after administering solvent for Miliacin 3 times (tween 21 at final concentration of 1.6x 10(-7) mol/kg); IV - infected after administration ofMiliacin. RESULTS: Miliacin reduced the mortality of mice compared with groups II and III. Microbial contamination of mice spleen in group IV was significantly lower compared with group II at all the periods of the study, and liver - at days 10 and 15. Triterpenoid weakened cell depletion of bone marrow, thymus and limited hyperplasia of spleen compared with animals of groups II and III. Its protective effect did not correlate with increase of antibody titers. CONCLUSION: Miliacin weakens the severity of salmonellosis infection course.

[The natural triterpenoid miliacin prevents methotrexate-induced oxidative stress and normalizes the expression of genes encoding the cytochrome P-450 2E1 isoform and glutathione reductase in the liver].[Pubmed:23805719]

Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 2013 Jan-Mar;(1):70-4.

We studied the role of the natural triterpenoid Miliacin (3-3-methoxy-Al8-oleanene) in the regulation of oxidative stress in the liver of (CBAxC57B1(6))F1 mice exposed to methotrexate. Miliacin attenuated methotrexate-induced lipid peroxidation as determined by an attenuation of thiobarbituric acid-reacting products in the liver. Furthermore, Miliacin normalized the expression of genes encoding the 2e1 isoform of cytochrome P-450 and glutathione reductase that were dramatically dysregulated by methotrexate. These results established the role of Miliacin in modulation of redox genes, thereby providing evidence for a new mechanism of organ protection by this triterpenoid.

Variation in deltaD values of a single, species-specific molecular biomarker: a study of miliacin throughout a field of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.).[Pubmed:21913250]

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Oct 15;25(19):2732-40.

Compound-specific deltaD analyses of land plant-derived biomarkers preserved in lake sediments are gaining increasing interest in paleoclimatic studies because of their potential to record essential information on the climatic conditions that prevailed at the time of their synthesis. The accuracy of inferences about climate from these analyses could be better constrained with more study of the variability in the deltaD values of possible inputs at catchment scales. We measured the deltaD values of Miliacin (olean-18-en-3beta-ol methyl ether) extracted from the seeds of millet plants collected in 21 stands spatially distributed in a field with visually heterogeneous soil organic matter contents. The use of a single molecular biomarker extracted from a single plant species eliminates the possibility of variability caused by differences in plant type. The deltaD values differed between plants by as much as 50 per thousand and the average deltaD values per stand differed from one another by a maximum of 30 per thousand. Thus, the deltaD values of a single, species-specific biomarker can vary markedly among plants even within a similar climate. Differences in deltaD values within stands could be as high as between stands, suggesting that the deltaD values are not related to macroscale heterogeneities in soil organic matter content. In addition, deltaD values were unrelated to factors indicative of differences in environment such as plant height, seed weight or Miliacin concentration. The average Miliacin deltaD value was representative of the area sampled, however, since it was normally distributed (p < 0.05).

Occurrence and sources of triterpenoid methyl ethers and acetates in sediments of the cross-river system, southeast Nigeria.[Pubmed:20414350]

Int J Anal Chem. 2010;2010:502076.

Pentacyclic triterpenol methyl ethers (PTMEs), germanicol methyl ether (Miliacin), 3-methoxyfern-9(11)-ene (arundoin), beta-amyrin methyl ether (iso-sawamilletin), and 3-methoxytaraxer-14-ene (sawamilletin or crusgallin) were characterized in surface sediments of the Cross-River system using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Triterpenol esters (mainly alpha- and beta-amyrinyl acetates and hexanoates, and lupeyl acetate and hexanoate) were also found. These distinct compounds are useful for assessing diagenesis that can occur during river transport of organic detritus. Poaceae, mainly Gramineae and Elaeis guineensis higher plant species, are proposed as primary sources for the PTMEs and esters in the sediments. PTMEs are biomarkers of specific higher plant subspecies, while the triterpenol esters are indicators of early diagenetic alteration of higher plant detritus.

Morphological manifestations for the protective effect of miliacin in organs of immunogenesis after treatment with methotrexate.[Pubmed:18642717]

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2007 Oct;144(4):575-9.

Morphological changes in lymphoid organs induced by antitumor drug methotrexate were studied in 219 male (CBAxC57B1/6)F1 mice. Plant triterpenoid Miliacin attenuated the lymphotoxic effect of this drug.

Triterpenoid miliacin inhibits stress-induced lipid peroxidation.[Pubmed:17364049]

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006 Jun;141(6):685-7.

A plant triterpenoid Miliacin prevented stress-induced activation of LPO and accumulation of LPO products in the blood. The inhibitory effect of Miliacin was not related to direct inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation.

Xenobiotics in vitro: the influence of L-cystine, pantothenat, and miliacin on metabolic and proliferative capacity of keratinocytes.[Pubmed:16702051]

Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2006;25(1):13-22.

To investigate the effect of cell growth-stimulating agents on human epidermal keratinocytes, we exposed monolayers of normal human keratinocytes derived from foreskin to different concentrations of the amino acid L-cystine, the member of the vitamin B family D-pantothenat, the phytosterol Miliacin, and a combination thereof in keratinocyte growth medium. As a test system for the metabolic capacity, we used the activity of mitochondrial deyhdrogenases as measured by XTT, and for the cell proliferation, we determined the BrdU-uptake. The additives, active ingredients of the hair growth drug PRIORIN, were added in the presence of fully supplemented keratinocyte growth medium or a deficient medium without L-cystine, L-methionine, L-histidin, D-pantothenat, epidermal growth factor, and bovine pituary gland extract. Deficient medium itself reduced the metabolic capacity of keratinocytes to 35% compared with keratinocytes in fully supplemented growth medium. In deficient medium cell, proliferation was not measurable. Increasing doses of L-cystine restored the reduced metabolic capacity from 46% (0.009 mg/L) to 54% (0.09 mg/L) and 92% (0.45 mg/L) in deficient medium. Addition of D-pantothenat (0.43 mg/L) enhanced the metabolic capacity to 150% only in fully supplemented growth medium, compared with untreated controls with growth medium. Miliacin (6 mg/mL) increased not only the metabolic capacity (162%) but also stimulated cell proliferation (215%) as measured by BrdU-uptake in growth medium. The combination of all three additives increased the metabolic capacity (245%) synergistically in growth medium. We were able to show effects of D-panthenol, L-lysine, and Miliacin on proliferation and metabolic capacity of keratinocyte monocell culture, which was further increased by combination of the three substances. These basic results suggest a beneficial effect on keratinocyte growth and stimulation by products combining these substances (e.g., Priorin). Furthermore, this work emphasizes the suitability of keratinocyte monolayers for pharmacological testings.

Effect of the triterpenoid miliacin on the sensitivity of lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen to dexamethasone-induced apoptosis.[Pubmed:14714076]

Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Oct;136(4):336-9.

We studied the effect of plant triterpenoid Miliacin on dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in thymocytes and splenocytes. Miliacin produced a protective effect on splenocytes by decreasing the degree of DNA fragmentation due to blockade of the cascade cell death distally to the intramembrane phosphatidylserine translocation.

[Effect of miliacin oil on healing of trophic ulcers].[Pubmed:7700706]

Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 1994 Oct-Dec;(4):55-6.

The effects of miliaceum oil used for tropical application to trophic ulcer were studied for the first time. The oil was obtained from millet processing waste products. Experiments on 73 rats with induced trophic ulcers demonstrated that the agent under study had a marked antiinflammatory effect and substantially activated reparative processes. The period of trophic ulcer healing was reduced by 12-16 days with the milliaceum oil as compared with oleum Hippophae and oleum Rosae.

[Chemical nature and biological activity of miliacine].[Pubmed:1862628]

Vopr Pitan. 1991 Mar-Apr;(2):57-9.

Chemical nature and biological activity of Miliacine that is contained in millet oil have been studied. It produces moderate anti-inflammatory effect, stimulates sexual resistance in female rats, increases summary gonadotropic activity of the hypophysis in infantile female rats; in case of acute intoxication with carbon tetrachloride, it promotes normalization of enzyme activity in the liver and blood serum. Miliacine is of practical importance in meat cattle breeding as a growth stimulator. With the use of Miliacine the mean daily animal's gain in weight grows, and the coefficient of the food ration digestibility rises. In contrast to other growth stimulators used in cattle breeding Miliacine possesses no toxic properties.