Pefloxacin

Pefloxacin is a an antibacterial agent and prevents bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase (topoisomerse)

Interspecies scaling of excretory amounts using allometry - retrospective analysis with rifapentine, aztreonam, carumonam, pefloxacin, miloxacin, trovafloxacin, doripenem, imipenem, cefozopran, ceftazidime, linezolid for urinary excretion and rifapentine, cabotegravir, and dolutegravir for fecal excretion.[Pubmed:26711252]

Xenobiotica. 2016 Sep;46(9):784-92.

1. Interspecies allometry scaling for prediction of human excretory amounts in urine or feces was performed for numerous antibacterials. Antibacterials used for urinary scaling were: rifapentine, Pefloxacin, trovafloxacin (Gr1/low; <10%); miloxacin, linezolid, PNU-142300 (Gr2/medium; 10-40%); aztreonam, carumonam, cefozopran, doripenem, imipenem, and ceftazidime (Gr3/high; >50%). Rifapentine, cabotegravir, and dolutegravir was used for fecal scaling (high; >50%). 2. The employment of allometry equation: Y = aW(b) enabled scaling of urine/fecal amounts from animal species. Corresponding predicted amounts were converted into % recovery by considering the respective human dose. Comparison of predicted/observed values enabled fold difference and error calculations (mean absolute error [MAE] and root mean square error [RMSE]). Comparisons were made for urinary/fecal data; and qualitative assessment was made amongst Gr1/Gr2/Gr3 for urine. 3. Average correlation coefficient for the allometry scaling was >0.995. Excretory amount predictions were largely within 0.75- to 1.5-fold differences. Average MAE and RMSE were within +/-22% and 23%, respectively. Although robust predictions were achieved for higher urinary/fecal excretion (>50%), interspecies scaling was applicable for low/medium excretory drugs. 4. Based on the data, interspecies scaling of urine or fecal excretory amounts may be potentially used as a tool to understand the significance of either urinary or fecal routes of elimination in humans in early development.

Comparison between Radioanalysis and (19)F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Determination of Mass Balance, Metabolism, and Distribution of Pefloxacin.[Pubmed:28188298]

Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Apr;45(4):399-408.

Mass balance and metabolism studies using radiolabeled substances are well recognized as an important part of the drug development process. In this study, we directly assessed the use of fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance ((19)F NMR) to achieve quantitative mass balance, metabolism, and distribution information for fluorinated compounds, without the need for radiolabeled synthesis or study. As a test case, the disposition of Pefloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was evaluated in rats using quantitative (19)F NMR in parallel with a radiolabeled study. Urine, bile, and feces samples were collected over specific periods after oral administration of either 25 mg/kg [(14)C]Pefloxacin or 25 mg/kg Pefloxacin and were subsequently profiled by radioactivity or (19)F NMR, respectively. The percentage of dose excreted in each matrix was comparable between the two methods, with the total dose recovered by radioactivity and (19)F NMR determined to be 86.8% and 81.8%, respectively. In addition, plasma samples were collected to determine the exposure of Pefloxacin and its circulating metabolites. The plasma exposure of Pefloxacin determined by (19)F NMR was within 5% to that calculated by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry bioanalytical method. By both methods, Pefloxacin was identified as the major circulating entity, with Pefloxacin glucuronide as the major circulating metabolite. Quantitative analysis of metabolites in excreta was generally comparable between the two methods. In selected tissues, both methods indicated that the parent drug accounted for most of the drug-related material. In summary, we have demonstrated that (19)F NMR can be used as an alternative method to conventional radiolabeled studies for compounds containing fluorine without the need for radiolabeled synthesis/study.

Study of a water-soluble fluorescent sensor based on the Eu(III) pefloxacin complex.[Pubmed:27491804]

Luminescence. 2017 May;32(3):382-386.

The antibiotic type organic structure Pefloxacin binds well with europium (III) ions as a useful scaffold for assembling optical probes and allows energy transfer from ligand to metal ions through coordination linkages. This water-soluble chemosensor demonstrated significant 'off-on (red)' changes from an alkaline to a neutral environment (pH 14-8). The emission changed from red to blue under acidic conditions (pH 7-2). The whole process was completely reversible and effective within the pH range 2 to 14. Moreover, this probe system exhibited distinct luminescence quenching upon the addition of Cu(2+) or Fe(3)(+) . This general modular route will permit easy detection and the concept can be extended to a variety of quinolones for sensing purposes.

Pefloxacin is a an antibacterial agent and prevents bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase (topoisomerse) Target: DNA gyrase Pefloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic agent used to treat severe and life-threatening bacterial infections.

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