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Polygalasaponin F

CAS# 882664-74-6

Polygalasaponin F

Catalog No. BCN2317----Order now to get a substantial discount!

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Quality Control of Polygalasaponin F

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Chemical structure

Polygalasaponin F

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Polygalasaponin F

Cas No. 882664-74-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 11629473 Appearance White powder
Formula C53H86O23 M.Wt 1091.3
Type of Compound Triterpenoids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 100 mg/mL (91.64 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
SMILES CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C(C5(CC4)C)(CCC7C6(CC(C(C7(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O
Standard InChIKey VRDCOPNSCZLBLD-JKVIPCSCSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C53H86O23/c1-22-40(73-43-37(65)31(59)26(58)20-69-43)36(64)39(67)44(70-22)74-41-35(63)33(61)28(19-55)72-46(41)76-47(68)53-14-12-48(2,3)16-24(53)23-8-9-30-49(4)17-25(57)42(75-45-38(66)34(62)32(60)27(18-54)71-45)50(5,21-56)29(49)10-11-52(30,7)51(23,6)13-15-53/h8,22,24-46,54-67H,9-21H2,1-7H3/t22-,24-,25-,26+,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,49-,50-,51+,52+,53-/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Polygalasaponin F

The herbs of Polygala japonica Houtt.

Biological Activity of Polygalasaponin F

DescriptionPolygalasaponin F possesses anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities, and has cognition improving and cerebral protective effects. Polygalasaponin F can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can induce long-term potentiation in hippocampal dentate gyrus in anesthetized rats via NMDAR activation mediated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein signaling pathway.
TargetsNF-kB | TNF-α | NO | NOS | NMDAR | ERK | cAMP | Calcium Channel | p38MAPK | JNK | p65 | p53 | Bcl-2/Bax | Caspase
In vitro

Polygalasaponin F inhibits secretion of inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB pathway regulation.[Pubmed: 25082394]

J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2014;16(8):865-75.

To study the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of Polygalasaponin F (PS-F), ELISA method was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Western blot was used to detect the protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the NF-κB nuclear translocation. PS-F could inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). As for MAPK-signaling pathway, PS-F could only inhibit the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly affect the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK1/2 protein kinases. PS-F could inhibit NF-κB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot assay were consistent with immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 (20 μM) and p65-specific inhibitor PDTC (100 μM) were, respectively, administered as a positive control. In addition, PS-F could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium prepared by LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia (LPS conditioned media) to neuronal PC12 cells and improve cell viability.
CONCLUSIONS:
PS-F inhibits the secretions of neuroinflammatory cytokines by the regulation of NF-κB-signaling pathway.

Polygalasaponin F against rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via mitochondria protection pathway.Polygalasaponin F against rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via mitochondria protection pathway.[Pubmed: 24382325]

J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2014 Jan;16(1):59-69.

To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of Polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1-10 μmol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with Polygalasaponin F (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. Polygalasaponin F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. Polygalasaponin F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus, Polygalasaponin F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Protocol of Polygalasaponin F

Kinase Assay

Polygalasaponin F induces long-term potentiation in adult rat hippocampus via NMDA receptor activation.[Pubmed: 22286914]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012 Apr;33(4):431-7.

To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of Polygalasaponin F (PGSF), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala japonica, on long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) of anesthetized rats.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Population spike (PS) of hippocampal DG was recorded in anesthetized male Wistar rats. Polygalasaponin F, the NMDAR inhibitor MK801 and the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 were intracerebroventricularly administered. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the phosphorylation expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), Ca(2 )/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Intracerebroventricular administration of Polygalasaponin F (1 and 10 μmol/L) produced long-lasting increase of PS amplitude in hippocampal DG in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-injection of MK801 (100 μmol/L) or KN93 (100 μmol/L) completely blocked Polygalasaponin F-induced LTP. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of NR2B, CaMKII, ERK, and CREB in hippocampus was significantly increased 5-60 min after LTP induction. The up-regulation of p-CaMKII expression could be completely abolished by pre-injection of MK801. The up-regulation of p-ERK and p-CREB expressions could be partially blocked by pre-injection of KN93.
CONCLUSIONS:
Polygalasaponin F could induce LTP in hippocampal DG in anesthetized rats via NMDAR activation mediated by CaMKII, ERK and CREB signaling pathway.

Structure Identification
Biomed Chromatogr. 2015 Sep;29(9):1388-92.

Quantification of polygalasaponin F in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetics application.[Pubmed: 25645627]


METHODS AND RESULTS:
A rapid and highly selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of Polygalasaponin F (PF) in rat plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse-phase Zorbax SB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm), using 2 mm ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 6.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) as a mobile phase at 30 °C. MS/MS detection was performed using an electrospray ionization operating in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the ion transitions from m/z 1091.5 → 471.2 (PF) and m/z 700.4 → 235.4 (internal standard), respectively. The calibration curve showed a good linearity in the concentration range 0.0544-13.6 µg/mL, with a limit of quantification of 0.0544 µg/mL.
CONCLUSIONS:
The intra- and inter-day precisions were <9.7% in rat plasma. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of PF in rats.

Polygalasaponin F Dilution Calculator

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Polygalasaponin F Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Polygalasaponin F

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 0.9163 mL 4.5817 mL 9.1634 mL 18.3268 mL 22.9085 mL
5 mM 0.1833 mL 0.9163 mL 1.8327 mL 3.6654 mL 4.5817 mL
10 mM 0.0916 mL 0.4582 mL 0.9163 mL 1.8327 mL 2.2908 mL
50 mM 0.0183 mL 0.0916 mL 0.1833 mL 0.3665 mL 0.4582 mL
100 mM 0.0092 mL 0.0458 mL 0.0916 mL 0.1833 mL 0.2291 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on Polygalasaponin F

Polygalasaponin F against rotenone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via mitochondria protection pathway.[Pubmed:24382325]

J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2014 Jan;16(1):59-69.

To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of Polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1-10 mumol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with PS-F (0.1, 1, and 10 mumol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. PS-F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. PS-F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PS-F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Quantification of polygalasaponin F in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetics application.[Pubmed:25645627]

Biomed Chromatogr. 2015 Sep;29(9):1388-92.

A rapid and highly selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of Polygalasaponin F (PF) in rat plasma was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse-phase Zorbax SB-C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), using 2 mm ammonium acetate (pH adjusted to 6.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) as a mobile phase at 30 degrees C. MS/MS detection was performed using an electrospray ionization operating in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the ion transitions from m/z 1091.5 --> 471.2 (PF) and m/z 700.4 --> 235.4 (internal standard), respectively. The calibration curve showed a good linearity in the concentration range 0.0544-13.6 microg/mL, with a limit of quantification of 0.0544 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <9.7% in rat plasma. The method was validated as per US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of PF in rats.

Polygalasaponin F induces long-term potentiation in adult rat hippocampus via NMDA receptor activation.[Pubmed:22286914]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012 Apr;33(4):431-7.

AIM: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of Polygalasaponin F (PGSF), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala japonica, on long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) of anesthetized rats. METHODS: Population spike (PS) of hippocampal DG was recorded in anesthetized male Wistar rats. PGSF, the NMDAR inhibitor MK801 and the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 were intracerebroventricularly administered. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the phosphorylation expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). RESULTS: Intracerebroventricular administration of PGSF (1 and 10 mumol/L) produced long-lasting increase of PS amplitude in hippocampal DG in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-injection of MK801 (100 mumol/L) or KN93 (100 mumol/L) completely blocked PGSF-induced LTP. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of NR2B, CaMKII, ERK, and CREB in hippocampus was significantly increased 5-60 min after LTP induction. The up-regulation of p-CaMKII expression could be completely abolished by pre-injection of MK801. The up-regulation of p-ERK and p-CREB expressions could be partially blocked by pre-injection of KN93. CONCLUSION: PGSF could induce LTP in hippocampal DG in anesthetized rats via NMDAR activation mediated by CaMKII, ERK and CREB signaling pathway.

Polygalasaponin F inhibits secretion of inflammatory cytokines via NF-kappaB pathway regulation.[Pubmed:25082394]

J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2014;16(8):865-75.

To study the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of Polygalasaponin F (PS-F), ELISA method was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. PS-F could inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). As for MAPK-signaling pathway, PS-F could only inhibit the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly affect the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK1/2 protein kinases. PS-F could inhibit NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot assay were consistent with immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 (20 muM) and p65-specific inhibitor PDTC (100 muM) were, respectively, administered as a positive control. In addition, PS-F could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium prepared by LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia (LPS conditioned media) to neuronal PC12 cells and improve cell viability. PS-F inhibits the secretions of neuroinflammatory cytokines by the regulation of NF-kappaB-signaling pathway.

Description

Polygalasaponin F, an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin extracted from Polygala japonica, decreases the release of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). Polygalasaponin F reduces neuroinflammatory cytokine secretion through the regulation of the TLR4-PI3K/AKT-NF-kB signaling pathway .

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