Viridiflorol

Novel Study on Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Activity of Essential Oil from Ecuadorian Bryophyte Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Stephani.[Pubmed:38611464]

Plants (Basel). 2024 Mar 23;13(7):935.

Our research focuses on exploring the chemical composition and some biological properties of the essential oil derived from Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Stephani, a bryophyte species. To conduct a comprehensive analysis, we utilized a DB5MS capillary column along with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization (GC-FID). The qualitative and quantitative examination revealed the presence of 50 compounds, with hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (48.35%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (46.89%) being the predominant constituents. Noteworthy compounds identified include bicyclogermacrene (12.004%), cedranone <5-> (9.034%), spathulenol (6.835%), Viridiflorol (6.334%), silphiperfol-5,7(14)-diene (6.216%), biotol (6.075%), guaiol (4.607%), viridiflorene (4.65%), and alpha-guaienol (3.883%). Furthermore, we assessed the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil, revealing a compelling inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC(50) value of 26.75 +/- 1.03 microg/mL and a moderate antimicrobial (MIC 500 microg/mL, Enterococcus faecium, Lysteria monocytogenes) and antioxidant effect (ABTS: SC(50) 343.38 and DPPH 2650.23 microg/mL). These findings suggest the potential therapeutic application of the bryophyte essential oil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease due to its potent anticholinesterase properties.

Discovery of sesquiterpenoids from an actinomycete Crossiella cryophila through genome mining and heterologous expression.[Pubmed:38531151]

Bioorg Chem. 2024 May;146:107308.

Genome mining of the Actinomycete Crossiella cryophila facilitated the discovery of a minimal terpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster of cry consisting of a class I terpene cyclase CryA and a CYP450 monooxygenase CryB. Heterologous expression of cry allowed the isolation and characterization of two new sesquiterpenoids, ent-Viridiflorol (1) and cryophilain (2). Notably, cryophilain (2) possesses a 5/7/3-fused tricyclic skeleton bearing a distinctive bridgehead hydroxy group. The combined in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that CryA, the first ent-Viridiflorol terpene cyclase, catalyzes farnesyl diphosphate to form the 5/7/3 sesquiterpene core scaffold and P450 CryB serves as a tailoring enzyme responsible for installing a hydroxy group at the bridgehead carbon.

Chemical composition, antifungal, antibiofilm, and molecular docking studies of Syzygium dyerianum essential oil.[Pubmed:38454808]

Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2024 Mar 11.

The current study describes the chemical composition, antifungal, antibiofilm, antibacterial and molecular docking studies of Syzygium dyerianum growing in Malaysia. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antifungal and antibacterial activities were developed using the broth microdilution assay, whereas the effect on the microbial biofilms was determined using a semi-quantitative static biofilm assay. A total of 31 components were identified, which represent 99.5 % of the essential oil. The results revealed that the essential oil consisted mainly of beta-pinene (15.6 %), alpha-terpineol (13.3 %), alpha-pinene (11.1 %), caryophyllene oxide (8.8 %), limonene (8.1 %), borneol (6.0 %) and Viridiflorol (5.1 %). The results of the microdilution method showed that essential oil exhibited activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 125 and 250 mug/mL, respectively. Furthermore, essential oil decreased the biofilm of C. albicans and S. mutans by 20.11 +/- 0.27 % and 32.10 +/- 4.81 % when treated with 250 mug/mL. The best docking energy was observed with Viridiflorol (-29.7 kJ/mol). This study highlights that essential oil can potentially be a natural antifungal, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agent that could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

The chemical composition of the essential oils of two Mediterranean species of Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus althaeoides subsp. tenuissimus collected in Sicily (Italy) and Calystegia silvatica collected in Algeria.[Pubmed:38143316]

Nat Prod Res. 2023 Dec 24:1-10.

Convolvulus L. and Calystegia R.Br. are two closely related genera of the Convolvulaceae family distributed in Asia, Mediterranean, Macaronesia, East Africa, and Arabia, including about 210 and 30 accepted species, respectively, of flowering plants, present as trees, shrubs, and herbs. The ethnomedical use of Convolvulus species dates to 1730s as they displayed profuse medicinal properties. In the present study, the not previously investigated chemical compositions of the essential oils from aerial parts of Convolvulus althaeoides subsp. tenuissimus (Sm.) Bat., collected in Sicily, and Calystegia sylvatica (Kit.) Griseb., collected in Algeria, were evaluated by GC-MS. The main components of the essential oil of the first one were beta-caryophyllene (28.68%), gamma-muurolene (23.75%), and gamma-elemene (17.55%), whereas the C. silvatica essential oil was shown to be rich of valeranone (10.77%), Viridiflorol (9.45%), and germacrene D (8.61%). Furthermore, a complete literature review on the ethno-pharmacological uses of Convolvulus and Calystegia species was performed.

Exogenous Putrescine Changes Biochemical (Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol, Flavonoid, and Total Phenol Compounds) and Essential Oil Constituents of Salvia officinalis L.[Pubmed:37751472]

Chem Biodivers. 2023 Nov;20(11):e202301043.

Polyamines are small polycationic molecules containing amines that are present in almost all cells of living organisms and act in a wide range of physiological processes, growth, and development, biological and protection of cells against free radicals. This research is based on principal component analysis (PCA) and calculation of selection criteria (SC) to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of polyamine putrescine on essential oil yield, essential oil compounds, antioxidant activity, and biochemical compounds (polyphenol, flavonoid, and total phenol compounds) of Salvia officinalis. The treatments used included four levels of putrescine, Put (Control: 0, Put1: 500, Put2: 1000, and Put3: 1500 mg L(-1) ) with five replications. Based on our results, four factors had eigenvalues>/=1 and showed a cumulative variance percentage of 92.57 % by applying different concentrations of putrescine. According to the results of this research, putrescine had significant effects on the amount of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The best attention to improving the essential oil yield of sage was 1000 mg L(-1) . The crucial essential oil compounds of different Put treated sage were: cis-thujone (35.34 %), camphor (15.60 %), trans-thujone (9.90 %), 1,8-cineole (9.46 %), alpha-humulene (3.85 %), Viridiflorol (3.62 %), camphene (3.58 %), alpha-pinene (3.50 %), beta-pinene (2.78 %), and limonene (1.23 %). The results showed that the amount of total phenol, the phenolic composition of catechin, and the antioxidant activity of sage plant extract increased significantly when putrescine was used at 1000 mg/liter. Results can use the current research to optimize the production management of medicinal plants and improve the quality of their products. In addition, the advantage of using putrescine is that it increases antioxidants and reduces oxidative damage, and can replace medicinal plants as suitable natural preservatives, thus improving food quality and safety.

Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents, Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Calyptocarpus vialis.[Pubmed:37450214]

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 Apr;196(4):1921-1947.

This study is focused to highlight the phytochemical, nutrient content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the wildly growing plant Calyptocarpus vialis (CV) of the Asteraceae family collected from the Garhwal region of India. Phytochemical and nutritional analysis of CV is done by qualitative and quantitative methods. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the presence of phenols, alkanes, aliphatic primary amines, carboxylic acids, nitrile, aromatics and alcohols. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed the presence of terpenoids, plant sterols and phenols such as phytol (14.9%), stigmasterol (10.02%), Viridiflorol (4.19%), squalene (2.54%) and various other phytochemicals. The plant's study reveals the existence of numerous nutritious elements, including proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and amino acids. It also revealed the presence of the huge amount of phenolic content ⁓13.49 g in a 100-g dried CV plant sample. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of CV was estimated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdate assay and reducing power assay. The highest percentage of antioxidant activity determined from three assays is 74 to 87% for 1 mg of dry extract. It is observed that the CV extract act as a good antioxidant when compared to other plants of the Asteraceae family even at very low concentration of the sample. Hence, CV found in the foothills of Himalayas can be further explored as a source of potent bioactive compounds and natural and economical antioxidant for biomedical and immunity-boosting applications.

Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases in Liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia.[Pubmed:37237639]

Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 May 9;10(5):569.

The liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia is one of the oldest terrestrial plants and rich in structurally specific sesquiterpenes. There are several sesquiterpene synthases (STSs) with non-classical conserved motifs that have been discovered in recent studies on liverworts; these motifs are rich in aspartate and bind with cofactors. However, more detailed sequence information is needed to clarify the biochemical diversity of these atypical STSs. This study mined J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene synthases (JeSTSs) through transcriptome analysis using BGISEQ-500 sequencing technology. A total of 257,133 unigenes was obtained, and the average length was 933 bp. Among them, a total of 36 unigenes participated in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. In addition, the in vitro enzymatic characterization and heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that JeSTS1 and JeSTS2 produced nerolidol as the major product, while JeSTS4 could produce bicyclogermacrene and Viridiflorol, suggesting a specificity of J. exsertifolia sesquiterpene profiles. Furthermore, the identified JeSTSs had a phylogenetic relationship with a new branch of plant terpene synthases, the microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) STSs. This work contributes to the understanding of the metabolic mechanism for MTPSL-STSs in J. exsertifolia and could provide an efficient alternative to microbial synthesis of these bioactive sesquiterpenes.

Enzyme-assisted polysaccharides extraction from Calocybe indica: Synergistic antibiofilm and oxidative stability of essential oil nanoemulsion.[Pubmed:37182620]

Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 2):124843.

Recently, mushroom polysaccharides have been explored to attribute to vital biologically important functions, and several extraction techniques can be employed, therefore, polysaccharides were extracted from the edible mushroom Calocybe indica to explore its functionality. Multiple enzymes viz., cellulase, pectinase, and protease (1:1:1) at temperature 47 degrees C and pH 4.64 with an extraction time of 2 h yielded 7.24 % polysaccharide content. The thermograph curve of polysaccharides showed two-stage decomposition at a different temperature range and decomposition of polysaccharides initiated with an onset temperature of 226.77 degrees C and a maximum peak at 248.90 degrees C. Hydrodistillation processed Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil was characterized using the chromatography technique and eucalyptol, p-cymene, Gamma-terpinene, 4-epi-cubebol, spathulenol, Viridiflorol, and p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol was observed as major components. As well, we formulated nanoemulsion using mushroom polysaccharide and eucalyptus leaf oil with 140.8 nm and evaluated synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. MIC and MBC values for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi were 12.50-3.12 and 6.25-1.56, and for S. aureus were 6.25, 6.25, 3.12, and 3.12, 3.12, 1.56 and for C. albicans the values were 12.50, 12.50, 6.250 and 6.25, 6.25, and 3.12 muL/mL respectively. The polysaccharides, essential oil, and nanoemulsion showed remarkable antibiofilm activity against S. aureus with inhibition of 57.42 +/- 0.19, 59.62 +/- 0.15, and 69.34 +/- 0.19 %, while E. coli showed the least antibiofilm activity. However, all three tested samples showed significant (p < 0.05) differences against tested pathogenic microorganisms with inhibition of biofilm formation. Therefore, it could be inferred that the synergistic properties of essential oils with mushroom polysaccharides are a promising strategy to enhance antimicrobial efficacy and control foodborne pathogens.

Pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approach to identify anti-diarrheal potentials of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. against Vibrio cholerae.[Pubmed:36927394]

J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023;41(24):14730-14743.

Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, causes dehydration and severe diarrhea with the production of cholera toxin. Due to the acquired antibiotic resistance, V. cholerae has drawn attention to the establishment of novel medications to counteract the virulence and viability of the pathogen. Centella asiatica is a medicinal herb native to Bangladesh that has a wide range of medicinal and ethnobotanical applications including anti-bacterial properties. In the present investigation, a total of 25 bioactive phytochemicals of C. asiatica have been screened virtually through molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analyses, and molecular dynamics simulation. Our results revealed four lead compounds as Viridiflorol (-8.7 Kcal/mol), Luteolin (-8.1 Kcal/mol), Quercetin (-8.0 Kcal/mol) and, Geranyl acetate (-7.1 Kcal/mol) against V. cholerae Toxin co-regulated pilus virulence regulatory protein (ToxT). All the lead compounds have been found to possess favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and molecular dynamics properties. Toxicity analysis revealed satisfactory results with no major side effects. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed for 100 ns that revealed noteworthy conformational stability and structural compactness for all the lead compounds, especially for Quercetin. Target class prediction unveiled enzymes in most of the cases and some experimental and investigational drugs were found as structurally similar analogs of the lead compounds. These findings could aid in the development of novel therapeutics targeting Cholera disease and we strongly recommend in vitro trials of our experimental findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

The Effect of the Height of Coppicing and Harvest Season on the Yield and Quality of the Essential Oil of Kunzea ambigua.[Pubmed:36616149]

Plants (Basel). 2022 Dec 20;12(1):20.

Kunzea ambigua is a small shrub belonging to the Myrtaceae family and the leaves are steam-distilled to produce a therapeutically active essential oil. With production moving from wild-harvested to orchardised stands, there is a need for harvest management of kunzea oil. This study compared the regrowth, essential oil content and composition of kunzea plants after harvesting vegetative material to a depth of 0.2 m above ground level (shallow-cut), relative to plants cut to a depth of 0.1 m above ground level (deep-cut) over the 2018/2019 growing season. Increased vegetative biomass accounted for the increased oil yield and was caused by consistently higher growth rates of 50 to 60% across all seasons in shallow-cut crops relative to those subject to deep-cut. Total soluble sugar concentrations were higher in the leaves and lower in the roots of deep-cut treated plants compared to the other treatments, indicating defoliated K. ambigua responds by mobilising sugars into above-ground biomass. The overall essential oil content of leaves was constant regardless of season, though the oil yield for shallow-cut was 1.9-fold higher at 11.79 +/- 0.23 g/m(2) compared to deep-cut (6.24 +/- 0.18 g/m(2)). An interactive effect of harvest intensity with season was recorded for all major components except for a non-significant effect of season on terpinen-4-ol. Bicyclogermacrene and alpha-pinene were elevated in both shallow- and deep-cut treatments relative to control (un-cut) in spring, possibly due to the plant defense response after de-foliation. The highest percentage of bioactive compounds (1,8-cineole and Viridiflorol) were present in autumn. Therefore, the recovery of biomass post-harvest is optimised by shallow-cut harvests, and the profile of kunzea oil can be manipulated to elevate levels of specific bioactive components by selecting to crop in autumn/spring.

Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities Supported by In-Silico Study of n-Hexane Extract and Essential Oil of Guava Leaves.[Pubmed:36558111]

Molecules. 2022 Dec 16;27(24):8979.

Psidium guajava (Guava tree) is one of the most widely known species in the family Myrtaceae. The Guava tree has been reported for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. In the current study, the chemical compositions of the n-hexane extract and the essential oil of P. guajava were investigated using the GC/MS analysis, along with an evaluation of their antioxidant potential, and an investigation into the enzyme inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BchE), tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, molecular docking of the major identified active sites of the target enzymes were investigated. The chemical characterization of the n-hexane extract and essential oil revealed that squalene (9.76%), alpha-tocopherol (8.53%), and gamma-sitosterol (3.90%) are the major compounds in the n-hexane extract. In contrast, the major constituents of the essential oil are D-limonene (36.68%) and Viridiflorol (9.68%). The n-hexane extract showed more antioxidant potential in the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the ferric reducing power (FRAP), and the metal chelating ability (MCA) assays, equivalent to 70.80 +/- 1.46 mg TE/g, 26.01 +/- 0.97 mg TE/g, and 24.83 +/- 0.35 mg EDTAE/g, respectively. In the phosphomolybdenum (PM) assay, the essential oil showed more antioxidant activity equivalent to 2.58 +/- 0.14 mmol TE/g. The essential oil demonstrated a potent BChE and tyrosinase inhibitory ability at 6.85 +/- 0.03 mg GALAE/g and 61.70 +/- 3.21 mg KAE/g, respectively. The alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the n-hexane extract and the essential oil varied from 0.52 to 1.49 mmol ACAE/g. Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed that the major compounds achieved acceptable binding scores upon docking with the tested enzymes. Consequently, the P. guajava n-hexane extract and oil can be used as a promising candidate for the development of novel treatment strategies for oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and diabetes mellitus diseases.

Potential anti-arthritic and analgesic properties of essential oil and viridiflorol obtained from Allophylus edulis leaves in mice.[Pubmed:36223847]

J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jan 30;301:115785.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Viridiflorol was identified and isolated from the essential oil of Allophylus edulis leaves (EOAE). A. edulis was used as "terere", which is a drink made by the infusion of herbs in cold water, to treat pain (toothache and headache). All anti-nociceptive (analgesic) and anti-arthritic properties of EOAE and Viridiflorol have not been completely scientifically clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic (anti-hyperalgesic and anti-nociceptive) and anti-arthritic properties of EOAE and Viridiflorol using in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The oral administration (p.o.) of EOAE (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), Viridiflorol (30, 100 and 200 mg/kg), morphine (1 mg/kg, subcutaneous route (s.c.)) and the intraplantar (local) administration (i.pl.) of Viridiflorol (100 mug/paw) were tested using formalin model in Swiss mice. EOAE (100 mg/kg, p.o.), Viridiflorol (200 mg/kg, p.o.), and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) were tested by zymosan-articular inflammation and in open-field models. Viridiflorol (0.3, 20 and 200 mug/paw) was also tested in carrageenan model, and Viridiflorol (200 mug/paw) was also tested in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and dopamine (DOPA) models. RESULTS: The oral administration of EOAE (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.), Viridiflorol (200 mg/kg, p.o.), morphine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) (MOR) and local administration of Viridiflorol (100 mug/paw) significantly inhibited edema and nociception in formalin model. Oral treatments with EOAE and Viridiflorol (200 mg/kg) did not cause motor impairment in the open field test since they did not reduce locomotor activity. EOAE, Viridiflorol and dexamethasone significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, edema, total leukocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, nitric oxide and protein exudation in the zymosan-induced articular inflammation model. The local administration of Viridiflorol (200 mug/paw, i.pl.) significantly inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and edema induced by carrageenan, TNF-alpha and DOPA. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the potential anti-arthritic, anti-nocicepttive and anti-hyperalgesic properties of EOAE and Viridiflorol. These properties could explain, at least in part, the folk use of A. edulis against including pain (toothache and headache). Viridiflorol could be partially responsible for the EOAE anti-hyperalgesic, anti-nociceptive and anti-arthritic properties and its mechanism of action could involve the inhibition of TNF-alpha and DOPA pathways.

Molecular Characterization of Gene-Mediated Resistance and Susceptibility of ESKAPE Clinical Isolates to Cistus monspeliensis L. and Cistus salviifolius L. Extracts.[Pubmed:36204117]

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Sep 27;2022:7467279.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) are now the biggest threats to human beings. Alternative antimicrobial regimens to conventional antibiotic paradigms are extensively searched. Although Cistus extracts have long been used for infections in traditional folk medicines around the world, their efficacy against resistant bacteria still needs to be elucidated. We aim to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical strains Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae (acronym "ESKAPE"), and their resistance mechanisms by PCR, as well as their sensitivity to C. monspeliensis (CM) and C. salviifolius (CS) methanol extracts and their fractions. METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility profile and resistance mechanism were done by antibiogram and PCR. Fractions of CM and CS were obtained using maceration and Soxhlet; their antibacterial activities were evaluated by determining inhibition zone diameter (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS: Results revealed that all strains were XDR except S. aureus, which was MDR. The PCR indicates the presence of gene-mediated resistance (bla (CTX-M), bla (SHV), bla (OXA-48), bla (NDM), bla (OXA-51), bla (OXA-58), bla (IMP), bla (VIM), and bla (mecA)). Also, maceration was slightly better for bioactivity preservation. Overall, the extracts of CM (IZD = 20 mm, MIC = 0.01 mg/mL) were more active than those of CS. All extracts inhibited MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and ERV (Enterococcus faecium Vancomycin-Resistant) with interesting MICs. The ethyl acetate fraction manifested great efficacy against all strains. Monoterpene hydrocarbons and sesquiterpenes oxygenated were the chemical classes of compounds dominating the analyzed fractions. Viridiflorol was the major compound in ethyl acetate fractions of 59.84% and 70.77% for CM and CS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The superior activity of extracts to conventional antibiotics was seen for the first time in the pathogens group, and their bactericidal effect could be a promising alternative for developing clinical antibacterial agents against MDR and XDR ESKAPE bacteria.

Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) Alleviates Salinity Damages and Improves Phytochemical Characteristics of Pineapple Mint (Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.).[Pubmed:35631809]

Plants (Basel). 2022 May 23;11(10):1384.

The present study examined the effects of foliar spray of selenium nanoparticles (0, 10 and 20 mg/L) on the yield, phytochemicals and essential oil content and composition of pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.) under salinity stress (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl). Obtained results demonstrated that severe salinity stress reduced the fresh weight (FW) and plant height (PH) by 16.40% and 19.10%, respectively compared with normal growth condition. On the other hands, under sever salinity stress relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index were reduced by 18.05% and 3.50%, respectively. Interestingly, selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs; 10 mg/L) application improved the pineapple mint growth. Based on GC-FID and GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds were identified in pineapple mint essential oil. Foliar application of Se-NPs and salinity did not change the essential oil content of pineapple mint, however, the essential oil compounds were significantly affected by salinity and Se-NPs- applications. Foliar application of Se-NPs- had a significant effect on piperitenone oxide, limonene, jasmone, Viridiflorol and beta-myrsene under different salinity levels. The highest percentage of piperitenone oxide (79.4%) as the major essential oil component was recorded in the no salinity treatment by applying 10 mg/L of nanoparticle. Interestingly, application of 10 mg L(-1) Se-NPs- under 60 mM NaCl increased the piperitenone oxide content by 9.1% compared with non-sprayed plants. Finally, the obtained results demonstrated that foliar application of Se-NPs (10 mg L(-1)) can improve the pineapple mint growth and secondary metabolites profile under saline conditions.

The effect of various extraction techniques on the quality of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil, expressed by chemical composition, thermal properties and biological activity.[Pubmed:35498992]

Food Chem X. 2022 Jan 19;13:100213.

In this study, influence of the extraction techniques on the quality of the sage essential oil was investigated. Obtained samples were analyzed for chemical composition by GC/MS, thermal properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and for biological activity: antioxidant (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, HRSA and TBARS), microbiological (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger), and cytotoxic (HeLa, LS-174, A549 and MRC-5) activities. Chemical composition showed that Viridiflorol was principal compound in all samples followed by camphor, thujones, and verticiol. MWD 400 W was the most potent antioxidant agent, D 200 W and MWD 400 W antimicrobial agents, while hydrodistallates (D 200 W and D 400 W) were the most potent cytotoxic agents. An artificial neural network model was developed for the antioxidant activity anticipation of analyzed samples. These models showed good prediction properties (the r(2) value during training cycle for output variables was 0.998).