Globulol

Effect of acidic and enzymatic pretreatment on the analysis of mountain tea (Sideritis spp.) volatiles via distillation and ultrasound-assisted extraction.[Pubmed:29030039]

J Chromatogr A. 2017 Nov 17;1524:290-297.

A number of beneficial medicinal properties are attributed to the extract and essential oil of the aerial parts of Sideritis species (Lamiaceae). Hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of wild Sideritis clandestina ssp. peloponnesiaca (an endemic taxon in northern Peloponnesus, Greece) gave a low essential oil yield (<0.12%); about 65 components, mainly alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-pinene, Globulol, caryophyllene oxide, were identified via GC-MS. Internal and external standards were used for quantification. For miniaturization of the procedure, we studied side-by-side maceration (MAC) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods, as well as the effect of preincubation in acidic medium (pH 4.8) for 75min at 37 degrees C with or without a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase. Maceration and UAE provide consistent chemoprofiling of the main volatile compounds (about 20); UAE has lower demands on time, solvent, plant material (3g) and results in higher yields. Pretreatment with enzymes can increase the respective yields of hydrodistillation and UAE, but this effect is definitely attributed to the concurrent acidic pretreatment. In conclusion, incubation of plant material prior to hydrodistillation or UAE in citrate buffer, pH 4.8, significantly enhances the overall yield and number of components obtained and is recommended for the analysis of Sideritis volatiles. The acidic pre-treatment method was also successfully applied to analysis of cultivated Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. ssp. raeseri; alpha-pinene, alpha- and gamma-terpinene and beta-thujene were predominant albeit in different percentages in flowers and leaves.

The Essential Oil of Hyptis mutabilis in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Infection and its Effect on Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Parameters in Silver Catfish, Rhamdia quelen.[Pubmed:28731834]

J Parasitol. 2017 Dec;103(6):778-785.

This study evaluated the activity of leaf essential oil (EO) from Hyptis mutabilis as well as its major constituent, (-)-Globulol, in infections by the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich). Effects on hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, exposed to the same samples also were evaluated. In the first experiment, naturally infected fish were treated with EO (0, 10, and 20 mg . L(-1)) and ethanol, using several methods of exposure. Fish mortality and the number of trophonts per fish were assessed after 48 and 96 hr. Hour-long daily baths resulted in optimal survival, so this methodology was used for the second experiment, in which infected animals were exposed to (-)-Globulol at 2.5 and 5 mg . L(-1). The most effective concentrations in Experiments 1 and 2 were chosen for Experiment 3, in which healthy animals were subjected to hour-long daily baths with EO (20 mg . L(-1)) or (-)-Globulol (2.5 mg . L(-1)). Additionally, an in vitro experiment was performed with EO and Globulol at the same concentrations of the in vivo test. EO and (-)-Globulol increased the survival of fish infected with ich and altered certain hematological and biochemical parameters. After 4 days, levels of hematocrit, erythrocytes, and leukocytes increased significantly in healthy animals exposed to EO. Exposure to (-)-Globulol increased leukocyte number alone. No significant differences in nonspecific immunological parameters were detected when treated groups were compared to controls, but the leukocytosis observed in EO- and Globulol-treated healthy animals indicates that EO and (-)-Globulol increased innate immunity in these fish. An in vitro antiparasitic effect was observed in both samples.

GCxGC/qMS analyses of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.[Pubmed:29105503]

Nat Prod Res. 2017 Nov 5:1-5.

The present study investigated the essential oil obtained from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, an aromatic plant used in Brazilian folk medicine. The chemical composition was performed by GCxGC/qMS. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated by DPPH and BCB and, MIC assays, respectively. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in the oil, where the major compounds were bicyclogermacrene (15%), Globulol (5%) and spathulenol (5%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29 compounds) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20 compounds) were the most representative classes of terpenes. DPPH (IC50 value 26.1 +/- 0.5 mug/mL) and BCB (68.3 +/- 1.5%) values indicated a significant antioxidant activity. The essential oil strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 15 +/- 0.1 mug/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 25 +/- 0.2 mug/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC 5 +/- 0.1 mug/mL). The results give a deeper understanding of the chemical composition and report for the first time the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the C. guazumifolia essential oil.

Constituents of the Argentine Liverwort Plagiochila diversifolia and Their Insecticidal Activities.[Pubmed:29024401]

Chem Biodivers. 2017 Dec;14(12).

Three new compounds, a bicyclogermacrene (1) and two 2,3-secoaromadendrane esters (2 and 3), together with (13S)-13-hydroxylabda-8,14-diene (4), fusicogigantone B (5), 3alpha,14-diacetoxy-2-hydoxybicyclogermacrene (6), fusicogigantone A (7), neofuranoplagiochilal (8), plagiochiline B (9), furanoplagiochilal (10), trans-nerolidol, spathulenol, alpha-tocopherol, and (+)-Globulol were isolated from an Argentine collection of Plagiochila diversifolia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive mono and bidimensional NMR studies. Compounds 4, 5, and 6, incorporated to the larval diet at 100 mug per g of diet, reduced the larval growth of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 70 +/- 25, 57 +/- 23, and 33 +/- 16%, respectively. Compounds 4 and 5 produced 70% and 60% larval mortality at early instars. The latter also showed antifeedant properties in the Choice Test, with a feeding ratio of 0.54 +/- 0.16.

Acaricidal Potentials of the Terpene-rich Essential Oils of Two Iranian Eucalyptus Species against Tetranychus urticae Koch.[Pubmed:28190801]

J Oleo Sci. 2017 Mar 1;66(3):307-314.

There is a rapid growth in the screening of plant materials for finding new bio-pesticides. In the present study, the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata leaves were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus and their chemical profiles were investigated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among identified compounds, the terpenes had highest amount for both essential oils; 93.59% for E. oleosa and 97.69% for E. torquata. 1,8-Cineole (31.96%), alpha-pinene (15.25%) and trans-anethole (7.32%) in the essential oil of E. oleosa and 1,8-cineole (28.57%), alpha-pinene (15.74%) and Globulol (13.11%) in the E. torquata essential oil were identified as the main components. The acaricidal activity of the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata were examined using fumigation methods against the adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch. The essential oils have potential acaricidal effects on T. urticae. The essential oil of E. oleosa with LC50 value of 2.42 microL/L air was stronger than E. torquata. A correlation between log concentration and mite mortality has been observed. Based on the results of present study, it can be stated that the essential oils of E. oleosa and E. torquata have a worthy potential in the management of T. urticae.

Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Micromeria inodora (Desf.) Benth. from Algeria.[Pubmed:27448034]

Chem Biodivers. 2016 Nov;13(11):1559-1572.

The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Micromeria inodora (Desf.) Benth. collected in 24 Algerian localities was investigated from the first time using GC-FID, GC/MS and (13) C-NMR. Altogether, 83 components which accounted for 94.7% of the total oil composition were identified. The main compounds were trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (1; 20.9%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (2; 19.8%), Globulol (3; 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide (4; 4.3%), beta-bisabolol (5; 2.9%) and trans-7-epi-sesquisabinene hydrate (6; 2.6%). Comparison with the literature highlighted the originality of the Algerian M. inodora oil and indicated that 1 might be used as taxonomical marker. The study of the chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main clusters confirming that there is a relation between the essential-oil compositions and the soil nature of the harvest locations. Biological activity of M. inodora essential oil was assessed against fourteen species of microorganisms involved in nosocomial infections using paper disc diffusion and dilution agar assays. The in vitro study demonstrated a good activity against Gram-positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, and moderate activity against Candida albicans. These results might be useful for the future commercial valorization of M. inodora essential oil as a promising source of natural products with potential against various nosocomial community and toxinic infections.

Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oil from Blepharocalyx salicifolius.[Pubmed:29300307]

Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 4;19(1). pii: ijms19010033.

Natural products represent a source of biologically active molecules that have an important role in drug discovery. The aromatic plant Blepharocalyx salicifolius has a diverse chemical constitution but the biological activities of its essential oils have not been thoroughly investigated. The aims of this paper were to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial activities of an essential oil from leaves of B. salicifolius and to identify its main chemical constituents. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation, chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and biological activities were performed by a microdilution broth method. The yield of essential oil was 0.86% (w/w), and the main constituents identified were bicyclogermacrene (17.50%), Globulol (14.13%), viridiflorol (8.83%), gamma-eudesmol (7.89%) and alpha-eudesmol (6.88%). The essential oil was cytotoxic against the MDA-MB-231 (46.60 mug.mL(-1)) breast cancer cell line, being more selective for this cell type compared to the normal breast cell line MCF-10A (314.44 mug.mL(-1)). Flow cytometry and cytotoxicity results showed that this oil does not act by inducing cell death, but rather by impairment of cellular metabolism specifically of the cancer cells. Furthermore, it presented antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (156.25 mug.mL(-1)) but was inactive against other fungi and bacteria. Essential oil from B. salicifolius showed promising biological activities and is therefore a source of molecules to be exploited in medicine or by the pharmaceutical industry.