1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone

Lipoxygenase inhibitory constituents from Periploca aphylla.[Pubmed:15387640]

J Nat Prod. 2004 Sep;67(9):1450-4.

Bisflavan-3-ols 1 and 2 and norterpenoid 3 have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Periploca aphylla. Their structures have been assigned on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. In addition, o-phthalic acid bis(2-ethylnonyl) ester (4), 1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone (5), and (+)-lyoniresinol (6) have been reported for the first time from this species. Compounds 1-3 displayed evident inhibitory potential against the enzyme lipoxygenase in a concentration-dependent fashion with IC(50) values 19.7, 13.5, and 150.1 microM, respectively.

Xanthone and antifungal constituents from Monnina obtusifolia.[Pubmed:7765695]

Phytochemistry. 1994 Oct;37(3):875-8.

Three biphenyls and four xanthones have been isolated from the aerial parts of Monnina obtusifolia. The structures were established on the basis of their spectral data and that of some derivatives. The biphenyls have been isolated previously from the same genus. 1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone is a new natural product, whereas the other xanthones have been described in other species. The antifungal activity of the isolated compounds has been determined.

Estrogenic and chemopreventive activities of xanthones and flavones of Syngonanthus (Eriocaulaceae).[Pubmed:23891669]

Steroids. 2013 Nov;78(11):1053-63.

The possible benefits of some bioactive flavones and xanthones present in plants of the genus Syngonanthus prompted us to screen them for estrogenic activity. However, scientific research has shown that such substances may have undesirable properties, such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and toxicity, which restrict their use as therapeutic agents. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the estrogenicity and mutagenic and antimutagenic properties. We used recombinant yeast assay (RYA), with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Ames test, with strains TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102 of Salmonella typhimirium, to evaluate estrogenicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of methanolic extracts of Syngonanthus dealbatus (S.d.), Syngonanthus macrolepsis (S.m.), Syngonanthus nitens (S.n.) and Syngonanthus suberosus (S.s.), and of 9 compounds isolated from them (1=luteolin, 2=mix of A-1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone and B-1,3,6-Trihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 3=1,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone, 4=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyxanthone, 5=1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone, 6=7-methoxyluteolin-8-C-beta-glucopyranoside, 7=7-methoxyluteolin-6-C-beta-glucopyranoside, 8=7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-C-beta-glucopyranoside and 9=6-hydroxyluteolin). The results indicated the estrogenic potential of the S. nitens methanol extract and four of its isolated xanthones, which exhibited, respectively, 14.74+/-1.63 nM; 19.54+/-6.61; 7.20+/-0.37; 6.71+/-1.02 e 10.01+/-4.26 nM of estradiol-equivalents (EEQ). None of the extracts or isolated compounds showed mutagenicity in any of the test strains and all of them showed antimutagenic potential, in particular preventing mutations caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The results show that the xanthones, only isolated from the methanol extract of S. nitens capitula, probably were the responsible for its estrogenic activity and could be useful as phytoestrogens, providing a new opportunity to develop hormonal agents. In addition, flavones and xanthones could also be used as a new antimutagenic agent. Since, the mutagens are involved in the initiation and promotion of several human diseases, including cancer, the significance of novel bioactive phytocompounds in counteracting these pro-mutagenic and carcinogenic effects is now gaining credence.