Acevaltrate

The whole plants of Valeriana jatamansi.

Flexible and powerful strategy for qualitative and quantitative analysis of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi Jones using high-performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry.[Pubmed:28296152]

J Sep Sci. 2017 May;40(9):1906-1919.

Valeriana jatamansi Jones is an important medicinal plant and its quality is closely related to its region of origin. In the current study, we utilized a flexible and powerful strategy for comprehensive evaluation of the quality diversity for 15 regions in China. The method was based on a hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry platform. For structure characterization, fragmentation patterns were detected by analyzing a series of standard compounds using data dependent multistage mass spectrometry acquisition. A fragment ion database for valepotriates was established, and the acquired data were high throughput filtered by fragment ion search for compound identification. For quantitative purposes, we normalized the mass spectrometry data of 15 samples using SIEVE 2.0 and the differences in composition were analyzed using principal component analysis combined with hierarchical clustering analysis. The results identified a total of 92 compounds from Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Samples from Dali, Kunming, and Baoshan have better qualities and concentrations of the main active constituents. To verify our strategy, we compared the valtrate, Acevaltrate, and baldrinal contents using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. We developed and validated a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical method to achieve quality control of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.

Studies of the structure-antioxidant activity relationships and antioxidant activity mechanism of iridoid valepotriates and their degradation products.[Pubmed:29232391]

PLoS One. 2017 Dec 12;12(12):e0189198.

Oxidative stress has been associated with diverse diseases, including obesity, cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, Valeriana jatamansi Jones (valerian) and its extracts possess strong antioxidant activities that extend their application in clinical practice to the treatment of these illnesses, even though the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Iridoid valepotriate, a characteristic iridoid ester in valerian with poor chemical stability, possesses considerable antioxidant components. The original compounds and their degradation products have been found to exhibit strong antioxidant activities. However, the relationship between their structure and antioxidant effects and the mechanism underlying their oxidation resistance remain unclear. A forced degradation study using three iridoid valepotriates (valtrate, Acevaltrate and 1-beta Acevaltrate) was performed in this work, and the structures of their degradation products were estimated by TLC-MS and LC-MS. Comparison of the antioxidant activities of the iridoid valepotriates before and after forced degradation revealed that degradation reduced the activities of the iridoid valepotriates in free radical scavenging and cytotoxic and cell apoptosis tests. The results suggested that the oxirane nucleus is important for defining the antioxidant profile of iridoid valepotriate. We uncovered possible mechanisms that could explain the antioxidant activities, including the generation of two hydroxyl groups through intramolecular transfer of an H* from an oxirane ring and a reduction in ROS levels through interactions with GABAergic signalling pathways.

Control of development and valepotriate production by auxins in micropropagated Valeriana glechomifolia.[Pubmed:15252693]

Plant Cell Rep. 2004 Oct;23(4):251-5.

Valeriana glechomifolia is a plant species endemic to southern Brazil that accumulates valepotriates, which are terpene derivatives, in all of its organs. Valepotriates are the presumed sedative generic components of the pharmaceutically used species of Valeriana. The influence of various concentrations of the auxins indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid on the growth of micropropagated V. glechomifolia was investigated under conditions of transient and continuous exposure. Changes in the development of roots and shoots as well as the production of the valepotriates Acevaltrate, valtrate and didrovaltrate (analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography) were evaluated. The best performance in valepotriate production, growth and survival under ex vitro conditions following plant acclimatization was achieved in the continuous presence of 5.71 microM IAA. When cultured in medium containing IAA plants produced stable levels of valepotriates throughout the entire cultivation period.

In vitro effect of valepotriates isolated from Valeriana glechomifolia on rat P-type ATPases.[Pubmed:21567360]

Planta Med. 2011 Oct;77(15):1702-6.

Valepotriates are iridoids found in variable amounts in Valerianaceae and might be among the bioactive compounds which confer anxiolytic properties to the Valeriana species. On the other hand, unspecific cytotoxicity has also been described. Presently, however, no particular molecular target has been defined for these compounds. Here we studied the effect of valtrate, Acevaltrate, and 1- beta-Acevaltrate isolated from Valeriana glechomifolia on the enzymatic activity of rat P-type ATPases. Valepotriates did not affect rat skeletal muscle sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2)(+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity at the highest concentration used (100 microM). In contrast, the same concentration inhibited roughly half of the total H(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity from rat gastric epithelium (valtrate 54.6 +/- 3.2 %, Acevaltrate 60.7 +/- 7.3 %, 1- beta-Acevaltrate 50.2 +/- 3.1 %; mean +/- SEM, n = 3-5). Finally, these substances showed the highest inhibitory potency toward Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and the inhibition curves obtained provided a similar IC(5)(0) (in microM) for rat kidney alpha1 isoform (valtrate 21.2, Acevaltrate 22.8, 1- beta-Acevaltrate 24.4) and brain hemispheres alpha2/ alpha3 isoforms (valtrate 19.4, Acevaltrate 42.3, 1- beta-Acevaltrate 38.3). Our results suggest that P-type ATPases are differentially inhibited by valepotriates and that Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase might be one of their molecular targets in vivo.

[Mass spectrum characterization of five valepotriates by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry].[Pubmed:23713287]

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2013 Feb;38(4):578-84.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss mass spectrum characterization of five valepotriates including 'monoene' type (didrovaltrate), 'diene' type (valtrate, Acevaltrate) and 'four-olefinic' type (baldrinal and homobaldrinal) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)). METHOD: This study was carried out on the basis of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method and analysis of multistage fragments. RESULT: The fragmentation patterns and structural assignment of 'monoene' type, 'diene' type and 'four-olefinic' type valepotriates in ESI-MSn under positive mode were summarized. CONCLUSION: The compounds have a strong pyrolysis rules and it can provide reference date for valepotriates in rapid structural identification, quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetic study.

Acevaltrate, isolated from Valeriana glechomifolia, inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8±1.1 μM and 42.3±1.0 μM, respectively.

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