Allyl phenoxyacetate

In situ synthesis of a monolithic material with multi-sized pores and its chromatographic properties for the separation of intact proteins from human plasma.[Pubmed:30609551]

Talanta. 2019 Mar 1;194:406-414.

The fabrication of a monolithic Allyl phenoxyacetate-based material was proposed via the in situ radical polymerization using ethylene dimethacrylate as the crosslinker and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator within a stainless steel column (50mmx4.6mm i.d.). The effects of the porogen composition, the crosslinker amount and the monomer type on the resulting monoliths were investigated. The morphology of the monoliths was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and a nitrogen adsorption-desorption instrument, and the pore structure was characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results indicate that the optimized monolith has a micro-, meso- and macro- multi-sized pore structure with a high specific surface area of 260.66m(2) g(-1). The resulting monoliths were used as stationary phases for the separation of proteins from bio-samples, including a mixture of six standard proteins, chicken egg whites, snailase and human plasma, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to optimized glycidyl methacrylate-based and styrene-based monolithic columns, the Allyl phenoxyacetate-based monolithic column exhibited improved selectivity in the separation of proteins. Furthermore, the present method avoids the masking of highly abundant proteins, such as human serum albumin, immunoglobulin G and human fibrinogen, in the detection of middle- or low-abundance proteins in human plasma. The protein identification results obtained from liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry indicate that the present method is an outstanding method for efficient fractionation of human plasma, which will be especially useful in future plasma proteomics research.

The effects of vehicles on the human dermal irritation potentials of allyl esters.[Pubmed:16717034]

Int J Toxicol. 2006 May-Jun;25(3):183-93.

Allyl esters, frequently used in the fragrance industry, often contain a certain percentage of free allyl alcohol. Allyl alcohol is known to have a potential for delayed skin irritation. Also present in the finished product are different solvent systems, or vehicles, which are used to deliver the fragrances based upon their intended application. This study was conducted to determine whether different vehicles affect the skin irritation potential of five different allyl esters. The allyl esters tested were allyl amyl glycolate, allyl caproate, allyl (cyclohexyloxy)acetate, allyl cyclohexylpropionate, and Allyl phenoxyacetate in the vehicles diethyl phthalate, 3:1 diethyl phthalate:ethanol, and 1:3 diethyl phthalate:ethanol at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (w/w). A modified cumulative irritation test was conducted in 129 human subjects. Test materials (0.3 ml) were applied under occlusion to skin sites on the back for 1 day (24 h) using Hill Top chambers. Irritation was assessed at 1, 2, 4, and 5 days following application of test materials. Cumulative irritation scores varied considerably among test materials. There were no delayed irritation observations. The highest irritation scores were observed at the 2.0% concentration for all test materials. The irritation scores for allyl amyl glycolate, allyl (cyclohexyloxy)acetate, and Allyl phenoxyacetate were highest in 1:3 diethyl phthalate:ethanol, thus the resulting calculated no-observed-effect levels, 0.12%, 0.03%, and 0%, respectively, were much lower for this vehicle compared to the diethyl phthalate vehicle, 0.33%, 0.26%, 0.25%, respectively. These data showed a trend for lower concentration thresholds to induce irritation when higher levels of ethanol were used in the vehicle.