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Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

Irreversible iNOS inhibitor CAS# 1937-19-5

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

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Chemical structure

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

Cas No. 1937-19-5 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 2734687 Appearance Powder
Formula CH7ClN4 M.Wt 110.55
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Pimagedine hydrochloride; GER-11; Aminoguanidinium chloride
Solubility H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (904.57 mM)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (904.57 mM; Need ultrasonic)
*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Chemical Name 2-aminoguanidine;hydrochloride
SMILES C(=NN)(N)N.Cl
Standard InChIKey UBDZFAGVPPMTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/CH6N4.ClH/c2-1(3)5-4;/h4H2,(H4,2,3,5);1H
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

DescriptionIrreversible inhibitor of iNOS that displays some selectivity over eNOS and nNOS. Exhibits antioxidant and radioprotective effects in vivo.

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride Dilution Calculator

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Aminoguanidine hydrochloride Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 9.0457 mL 45.2284 mL 90.4568 mL 180.9136 mL 226.142 mL
5 mM 1.8091 mL 9.0457 mL 18.0914 mL 36.1827 mL 45.2284 mL
10 mM 0.9046 mL 4.5228 mL 9.0457 mL 18.0914 mL 22.6142 mL
50 mM 0.1809 mL 0.9046 mL 1.8091 mL 3.6183 mL 4.5228 mL
100 mM 0.0905 mL 0.4523 mL 0.9046 mL 1.8091 mL 2.2614 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride is a diamine oxidase and NO synthase inhibitor, reduces levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through interacting with 3-deoxyglucosone, is an investigational drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

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References on Aminoguanidine hydrochloride

Synergistic anti-inflammatory interaction between meloxicam and aminoguanidine hydrochloride in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats.[Pubmed:16109432]

Life Sci. 2006 Feb 2;78(10):1044-8.

Interaction studies with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor have been conducted to assess the nature of interaction and the possible therapeutic advantage. The interaction between meloxicam--a selective COX-2 inhibitor--and Aminoguanidine hydrochloride--a selective iNOS inhibitor-- was examined in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Appropriate statistical method was applied to detect the nature of anti-inflammatory interaction. Different doses of meloxicam (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) or Aminoguanidine hydrochloride (10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally to adult male albino rats. Higher doses of meloxicam (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory effect. However, Aminoguanidine hydrochloride did not show any anti-inflammatory activity. Combination of sub-threshold dose of meloxicam (1 mg/kg) with increasing doses of Aminoguanidine hydrochloride (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) resulted in synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. Combined therapy with sub-threshold dose of Aminoguanidine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg) with increasing doses of meloxicam (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) also resulted in synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. The possible mechanism of interaction could be the stimulation of COX-2 activity by nitric oxide (NO) by combining with heme component. These results suggest that co-administration of meloxicam and Aminoguanidine hydrochloride may be an alternative in clinical control of inflammation.

Aminoguanidine alleviates radiation-induced small-bowel damage through its antioxidant effect.[Pubmed:19362242]

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 May 1;74(1):237-44.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect and its mechanism of aminoguanidine (AG) on small-bowel protection after whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI) in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) subjected to 12 Gy WAI were used for the study. Aminoguanidine at a dose of 50-800 mg/kg was administered by the gavage route 2 h before WAI. Mucosal damage of small bowel was evaluated by the grade of diarrhea and crypt survival; oxidative stress was determined by the level of 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Nitrosative stress was evaluated by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) with IHC, and systemic and portal vein NOx (nitrite + nitrate) levels were measured and compared with and without AG treatment after WAI. RESULTS: Aminoguanidine showed a dose-dependent effect against WAI-induced diarrhea. Aminoguanidine at a dose of 400 mg/kg had the best protective effect, from 92% to 17% (p = 0.002). Aminoguanidine increased crypt survival from 23% to 46% (p = 0.003). It also significantly attenuated 8-OHdG expression but not 3-NT and iNOS expression at both 4 and 8 h after 12-Gy WAI. Aminoguanidine did not alter the portal vein NOx levels 4 and 8 h after 12-Gy WAI. CONCLUSION: Aminoguanidine has a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced small-bowel damage due to its antioxidant effect but not inhibition of nitric oxide production. Dietary AG may have a potentially protective effect on the small intestine of patients subjected to pelvic and abdominal radiotherapies.

Selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase--is no NOS really good NOS for the nervous system?[Pubmed:9226999]

Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1997 Jun;18(6):204-11.

It is now ten years since NO was shown to account for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). It is also the tenth anniversary of the identification of L-NG monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) as the very first inhibitor of NO biosynthesis. That EDRF and NO were one and the same sparked an explosion of interest in the biochemistry and pharmacology of NO which has yet to subside. In contrast, the first ever nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor slipped seamlessly into the literature virtually without comment at the time. Over the following decade, L-NMMA (and like NOS inhibitors) have proved invaluable as tools for probing the biological roles of NO in health and disease and, in particular, have increased our understanding of the function of NO in the nervous system. Further advances in this important area now require the development of inhibitors selective for the neuronal isoform of NOS (nNOS). Here, Philip Moore and Rachel Handy provide an up-to-date account of the literature regarding the biochemical and pharmacological characterization of NOS inhibitors with particular reference to compounds with greater selectivity for the nNOS isoform.

Aminoguanidine inhibits both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms in rat intestinal microvasculature in vivo.[Pubmed:7536162]

Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan 16;272(2-3):169-75.

The effects of aminoguanine on the intestinal vascular permeability following endotoxin administration in vivo has been compared to those of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) in the rat. Concurrent administration of aminoguanidine. (12.5-50 mg/kg, s.c.) with endotoxin (E. coli lipopolysaccharide, 3 mg/kg, i.v.), dose dependently increased vascular leakage of radiolabelled albumin in the ileum and colon after 1 h, an effect reversed by the pretreatment with L-arginine (300 mg/kg, s.c.). Aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg, s.c.) also elevated arterial blood pressure over the 1 h investigation period. Similar acute potentiation of endotoxin-provoked vascular injury was observed 1 h following L-NMMA (50 mg/kg s.c.) which also increased blood pressure, indicating the inhibition of constitutive NO synthase. By contrast, administration of aminoguanidine (12.5-50 mg/kg, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin, at the time of the expression of the inducible NO synthase, reduced the subsequent endotoxin-induced vascular leakage, as did L-NMMA (50 mg/kg). In homogenates of rat ileal or colonic tissue, aminoguanidine inhibited both the constitutive and inducible NO synthase activity showing only 2-fold selectivity for the inducible isoform. Thus, although aminoguanidine inhibits these isoforms of NO synthase, it is not a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform in the intestinal microvasculature in vivo.

Aminoguanidine selectively inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase.[Pubmed:7507781]

Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Nov;110(3):963-8.

1. Endotoxin induces nitric oxide synthase in vascular tissue, including rat main pulmonary artery. Currently available agents that cause inhibition of nitric oxide synthase are relatively non-selective between the constitutive and inducible forms of the enzyme. 2. Aminoguanidine caused a dose-dependent increase in phenylephrine-induced tension in intact and endothelium-denuded pulmonary artery rings from endotoxin-treated rats, but had no effect on sham-treated controls. 3. Contraction caused by aminoguanidine in endothelium-denuded vessels from endotoxin-treated rats was unaffected by indomethacin (10 microM), and by cimetidine and mepyramine (both 10 microM), excluding an effect of aminoguanidine mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites or histamine. 4. Contraction caused by aminoguanidine in endothelium-denuded vessels from endotoxin-treated rats was abolished by L-arginine (2 mM) and L-NG-monomethyl arginine (300 microM), but unaffected by D-arginine and D-NG-monomethyl arginine, suggesting that its action is mediated by the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. 5. Aminoguanidine had no effect on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of intact vessels from shamtreated rats. However, relaxation of artery rings from endotoxin-treated rats by L-arginine was competitively inhibited by aminoguanidine.6. These results in isolated main pulmonary arteries of the rat confirm previous reports that aminoguanidine is a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Description

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride is a diamine oxidase and NO synthase inhibitor, reduces levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through interacting with 3-deoxyglucosone, is an investigational drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

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