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Dihydrosanguinarine

CAS# 3606-45-9

Dihydrosanguinarine

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Quality Control of Dihydrosanguinarine

Number of papers citing our products

Chemical structure

Dihydrosanguinarine

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Dihydrosanguinarine

Cas No. 3606-45-9 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 124069 Appearance Powder
Formula C20H15NO4 M.Wt 333.1
Type of Compound Alkaloids Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms 13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine
Solubility DMSO : 5.2 mg/mL (15.60 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)
SMILES CN1CC2=C(C=CC3=C2OCO3)C4=C1C5=CC6=C(C=C5C=C4)OCO6
Standard InChIKey CIUHLXZTZWTVFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C20H15NO4/c1-21-8-15-12(4-5-16-20(15)25-10-22-16)13-3-2-11-6-17-18(24-9-23-17)7-14(11)19(13)21/h2-7H,8-10H2,1H3
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Source of Dihydrosanguinarine

The herbs of Chelidonium majus

Biological Activity of Dihydrosanguinarine

DescriptionDihydrosanguinarine has antifungal and anticancer activity.Dihydrosanguinarine at concentrations from 5 microM induced primarily necrosis, whereas apoptosis occurred at 10 microM and above. Dihydrosanguinarine has potential application in the therapy of serious infection caused by I. multifiliis.
TargetsP450 (e.g. CYP17) | Caspase
In vitro

Cytotoxic activity of sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.[Pubmed: 19346183]

Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Jun;23(4):580-8.

The benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine has been studied for its antiproliferative activity in many cell types. Almost nothing however, is known about the cytotoxic effects of Dihydrosanguinarine, a metabolite of sanguinarine.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We compared the cytotoxicity of sanguinarine and Dihydrosanguinarine in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Sanguinarine produced a dose-dependent decline in cell viability with IC(50) (inhibitor concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell viability) of 0.9 microM as determined by MTT assay after 4h exposure. Dihydrosanguinarine showed much less cytotoxicity than sanguinarine: at the highest concentration tested (20 microM) and 24h exposure, Dihydrosanguinarine decreased viability only to 52%. Cytotoxic effects of both alkaloids were accompanied by activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway since we observed the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of caspase-9 and -3 activities, the appearance of sub-G(1) DNA and loss of plasma membrane asymmetry. This aside, sanguinarine also increased the activity of caspase-8. As shown by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide staining, 0.5 microM sanguinarine induced apoptosis while 1-4 microM sanguinarine caused necrotic cell death. In contrast, Dihydrosanguinarine at concentrations from 5 microM induced primarily necrosis, whereas apoptosis occurred at 10 microM and above.
CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that both alkaloids may cause, depending on the alkaloid concentration, both necrosis and apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

In vivo

Antiparasitic efficacy of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine from Macleaya microcarpa against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in richadsin (Squaliobarbus curriculus).[Pubmed: 21813242]

Vet Parasitol. 2011 Dec 29;183(1-2):8-13.

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a holotrichous protozoan that invades the gills and skin surfaces of fish and can cause morbidity and high mortality in most species of freshwater fish worldwide. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of crude extracts and pure compounds from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The chloroform extract showed a promising antiparasitic activity against I. multifiliis. Based on these finding, the chloroform extract was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography in a bioactivity-guided isolation affording two compounds showing potent activity. The structures of the two compounds were elucidated as Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine by hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and electron ionization mass spectrometry. The in vivo tests revealed that Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine were effective against I. multifiliis with median effective concentration (EC(50)) values of 5.18 and 9.43 mg/l, respectively. The acute toxicities (LC(50)) of Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine for richadsin were 13.3 and 18.2mg/l, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
The overall results provided important information for the potential application of Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine in the therapy of serious infection caused by I. multifiliis.

Protocol of Dihydrosanguinarine

Animal Research

The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of dihydrosanguinarine in rat: a pilot study.[Pubmed: 18495316]

Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jul;46(7):2546-53.

The quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine (SG) is the main component of Sangrovit, a natural livestock feed additive. Dihydrosanguinarine (DHSG) has recently been identified as a SG metabolite in rat. The conversion of SG to DHSG is a likely elimination pathway of SG in mammals.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of DHSG in male Wistar rats at concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm DHSG in feed for 90 days (average doses of 14 and 58 mg DHSG/kg body weight/day). No significant alterations in body or organ weights, macroscopic details of organs, histopathology of liver, ileum, kidneys, tongue, heart or gingiva, clinical chemistry or hematology markers in blood in the DHSG-treated animals were found compared to controls. No lymphocyte DNA damage by Comet assay, formation of DNA adducts in liver by 32P-postlabeling, modulation of cytochrome P450 1A1/2 or changes in oxidative stress parameters were found. Thus, repeated dosing of DHSG for 90 days at up to 500 ppm in the diet (i.e. approximately 58 mg/kg/day) showed no evidence of toxicity in contrast to results published in the literature. In parallel, DHSG pharmacokinetics was studied in rat after oral doses 9.1 or 91 mg/kg body weight.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results showed that DHSG undergoes enterohepatic cycling with maximum concentration in plasma at the first or second hour following application. DHSG is cleared from the body relatively quickly (its plasma levels drop to zero after 12 or 18 h, respectively).

Dihydrosanguinarine Dilution Calculator

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Dihydrosanguinarine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Dihydrosanguinarine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.0021 mL 15.0105 mL 30.021 mL 60.042 mL 75.0525 mL
5 mM 0.6004 mL 3.0021 mL 6.0042 mL 12.0084 mL 15.0105 mL
10 mM 0.3002 mL 1.5011 mL 3.0021 mL 6.0042 mL 7.5053 mL
50 mM 0.06 mL 0.3002 mL 0.6004 mL 1.2008 mL 1.5011 mL
100 mM 0.03 mL 0.1501 mL 0.3002 mL 0.6004 mL 0.7505 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Dihydrosanguinarine

Dihydrosanguinarine is a natural compound isolated from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa; has antifungal and anticancer activity. IC50 value: Target: in vitro: Dihydrosanguinarine showed much less cytotoxicity than sanguinarine: at the highest concentration tested (20 microM) and 24h exposure, dihydrosanguinarine decreased viability only to 52% [1]. Dihydrosanguinarine showed the highest antifungal activity against B. cinerea Pers, with 95.16% mycelial growth inhibition at 50 μg/ml [2]. dihydrosanguinarine showed the most potent leishmanicidal activities (IC(50) value: 0.014 microg/ml, respectively) [4]. in vivo: Repeated dosing of DHSG for 90 days at up to 500 ppm in the diet (i.e. approximately 58 mg/kg/day) showed no evidence of toxicity in contrast to results published in the literature [3].

References:
[1]. Vrba J, et al. Cytotoxic activity of sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Jun;23(4):580-8. [2]. Feng G, et al. Inhibitory activity of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine against phytopathogenic fungi. Nat Prod Res. 2011 Jul;25(11):1082-9. [3]. Vrublova E, et al. The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of dihydrosanguinarine in rat: a pilot study. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jul;46(7):2546-53. [4]. Fuchino H, et al. In vitro leishmanicidal activity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Bocconia pearcei and related compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2010 Aug;58(8):1047-50.

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References on Dihydrosanguinarine

Antiparasitic efficacy of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine from Macleaya microcarpa against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in richadsin (Squaliobarbus curriculus).[Pubmed:21813242]

Vet Parasitol. 2011 Dec 29;183(1-2):8-13.

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a holotrichous protozoan that invades the gills and skin surfaces of fish and can cause morbidity and high mortality in most species of freshwater fish worldwide. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of crude extracts and pure compounds from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa. The chloroform extract showed a promising antiparasitic activity against I. multifiliis. Based on these finding, the chloroform extract was fractionated on silica gel column chromatography in a bioactivity-guided isolation affording two compounds showing potent activity. The structures of the two compounds were elucidated as Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine by hydrogen and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and electron ionization mass spectrometry. The in vivo tests revealed that Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine were effective against I. multifiliis with median effective concentration (EC(50)) values of 5.18 and 9.43 mg/l, respectively. The acute toxicities (LC(50)) of Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine for richadsin were 13.3 and 18.2mg/l, respectively. The overall results provided important information for the potential application of Dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine in the therapy of serious infection caused by I. multifiliis.

Cytotoxic activity of sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.[Pubmed:19346183]

Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Jun;23(4):580-8.

The benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine has been studied for its antiproliferative activity in many cell types. Almost nothing however, is known about the cytotoxic effects of Dihydrosanguinarine, a metabolite of sanguinarine. We compared the cytotoxicity of sanguinarine and Dihydrosanguinarine in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Sanguinarine produced a dose-dependent decline in cell viability with IC(50) (inhibitor concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell viability) of 0.9 microM as determined by MTT assay after 4h exposure. Dihydrosanguinarine showed much less cytotoxicity than sanguinarine: at the highest concentration tested (20 microM) and 24h exposure, Dihydrosanguinarine decreased viability only to 52%. Cytotoxic effects of both alkaloids were accompanied by activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway since we observed the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of caspase-9 and -3 activities, the appearance of sub-G(1) DNA and loss of plasma membrane asymmetry. This aside, sanguinarine also increased the activity of caspase-8. As shown by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide staining, 0.5 microM sanguinarine induced apoptosis while 1-4 microM sanguinarine caused necrotic cell death. In contrast, Dihydrosanguinarine at concentrations from 5 microM induced primarily necrosis, whereas apoptosis occurred at 10 microM and above. We conclude that both alkaloids may cause, depending on the alkaloid concentration, both necrosis and apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of dihydrosanguinarine in rat: a pilot study.[Pubmed:18495316]

Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jul;46(7):2546-53.

The quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine (SG) is the main component of Sangrovit, a natural livestock feed additive. Dihydrosanguinarine (DHSG) has recently been identified as a SG metabolite in rat. The conversion of SG to DHSG is a likely elimination pathway of SG in mammals. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of DHSG in male Wistar rats at concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm DHSG in feed for 90 days (average doses of 14 and 58 mg DHSG/kg body weight/day). No significant alterations in body or organ weights, macroscopic details of organs, histopathology of liver, ileum, kidneys, tongue, heart or gingiva, clinical chemistry or hematology markers in blood in the DHSG-treated animals were found compared to controls. No lymphocyte DNA damage by Comet assay, formation of DNA adducts in liver by 32P-postlabeling, modulation of cytochrome P450 1A1/2 or changes in oxidative stress parameters were found. Thus, repeated dosing of DHSG for 90 days at up to 500 ppm in the diet (i.e. approximately 58 mg/kg/day) showed no evidence of toxicity in contrast to results published in the literature. In parallel, DHSG pharmacokinetics was studied in rat after oral doses 9.1 or 91 mg/kg body weight. The results showed that DHSG undergoes enterohepatic cycling with maximum concentration in plasma at the first or second hour following application. DHSG is cleared from the body relatively quickly (its plasma levels drop to zero after 12 or 18 h, respectively).

Description

Dihydrosanguinarine is a natural compound isolated from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa; has antifungal and anticancer activity.

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