Sodium cholate

The bile of pig.

Self-aggregation of bio-surfactants within ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: A comparative study and potential application in antidepressants drug aggregation.[Pubmed:29635182]

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Jun 15;199:376-386.

Aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants (BS) Sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) within aqueous solution of ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [Emim][Br] has been investigated using surface tension, conductivity, steady state fluorescence, FT-IR and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. Various interfacial and thermodynamic parameters are determined in the presence of different wt% of IL [Emim][Br]. Information regarding the local microenvironment and size of the aggregates is obtained from fluorescence and DLS, respectively. FT-IR spectral response is used to reveal the interactions taking place within aqueous NaC/NaDC micellar solutions. It is noteworthy to mention that increasing wt% of [Emim][Br] results in an increase in the spontaneity of micelle formation and the hydrophilic IL shows more affinity for NaC as compared to NaDC. Further, the micellar solutions of BS-[Emim][Br] are utilized for studying the aggregation of antidepressants drug promazine hydrochloride (pH). UV-vis spectroscopic investigation reveals interesting outcomes and the results show changes in spectral absorbance of PH drug on the addition of micellar solution (BS-[Emim][Br]). Highest binding affinity and most promising activity are shown for NaC as compared to NaDC.

Curcumin-loaded ultradeformable nanovesicles as a potential delivery system for breast cancer therapy.[Pubmed:29626721]

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jul 1;167:63-72.

In the current study, the transdermal route has been investigated to deliver the poorly bioavailable drug; curcumin into the systemic circulation, aiming to target both superficial and subcutaneous tumors such as the breast tumors. Accordingly, different colloidal carriers viz. ultradeformable nanovesicles comprising various penetration enhancers were exploited. Curcumin-loaded deformable vesicles were prepared by the thin film hydration method followed by extrusion. Sodium cholate and Tween 80 were set as standard edge activators and Labrasol, Transcutol, limonene and oleic acid were the penetration enhancers that were evaluated for their efficacy in skin permeation. The particle size and zeta potential of the prepared vesicles were significantly affected by the type of surfactant/penetration enhancer. The polydispersity measurements showed uniform particle size distribution indicating the sufficiency of the extrusion cycles performed. Curcumin, as a hydrophobic molecule, was well accommodated within the lipid bilayers of the prepared vesicles with entrapment efficiency (EE%) percentages and drug loading percentages (DL%) as high as 93.91% and 7.04%, respectively. The ex-vivo permeation studies were performed on male albino mice skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells. Oleic acid and Transcutol exhibited comparable fluxes to Sodium cholate and Tween 80 ( approximately 16mugcm(-2)h(-1)), whereas the fluxes of Labrasol and limonene were significantly lower. Cytotoxicity studies were performed using MTT assay on human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 cells). The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that oleic acid ultradeformable nanovesicles scored an IC50 of 20mug/ml which introduce these new curcumin-loaded nanovesicles as a successful delivery system for breast cancer therapy.

Pluronic((R))-bile salt mixed micelles.[Pubmed:29554645]

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jun 1;166:119-126.

The present study was aimed to examine the interaction of two bile salts viz. Sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) with three ethylene polyoxide-polypropylene polyoxide (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers with similar PPO but varying PEO micelles with a focus on the effect of pH on mixed micelles. Mixed micelles of moderately hydrophobic Pluronic((R)) P123 were examined in the presence of two bile salts and compared with those from very hydrophobic L121 and very hydrophilic F127. Both the bile salts increase the cloud point (CP) of copolymer solution and decreased apparent micelle hydrodynamic diameter (Dh). SANS study revealed that P123 forms small spherical micelles showing a decrease in size on progressive addition of bile salts. The negatively charged mixed micelles contained fewer P123 molecules but progressively rich in bile salt. NaDC being more hydrophobic displays more pronounced effect than NaC. Interestingly, NaC shows micellar growth in acidic media which has been attributed to the formation of bile acids by protonation of carboxylate ion and subsequent solubilization. In contrast, NaDC showed phase separation at higher concentration. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments provided information on interaction and location of bile salts in micelles. Results are discussed in terms of hydrophobicity of bile salts and Pluronics((R)) and the site of bile salt in polymer micelles. Proposed molecular interactions are useful to understand more about bile salts which play important role in physiological processes.

Penetration of antimicrobial peptides in a lung surfactant model.[Pubmed:29689490]

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jul 1;167:345-353.

Molecular dynamics simulations were successfully performed to understand the absorption mechanism of antimicrobial peptides LL-37, CATH-2, and SMAP-29 in a lung surfactant model. The antimicrobial peptides quickly penetrate in the lung surfactant model in dozens or hundreds nanoseconds, but they electrostatically interact with the lipid polar heads during the simulation time of 2mus. This electrostatic interaction should be the explanation for the inactivation of the antimicrobial peptides when co-administrated with lung surfactant. As they strongly interact with the lipid polar heads of the lung surfactant, there is no positive charge available on the antimicrobial peptide to attack the negatively charged bacteria membrane. In order to avoid the interaction of peptides with the lipid polar heads, Sodium cholate was used to form nanoparticles which act as an absorption enhancer of all antimicrobial peptides used in this investigation. The nanoparticles of 150 molecules of Sodium cholate with one peptide were inserted on the top of the lung surfactant model. The nanoparticles penetrated into the lung surfactant model, spreading the Sodium cholate molecules around the lipid polar heads. The Sodium cholate molecules seem to protect the peptides from the interaction with the lipid polar heads, leaving them free to be delivered to the water phase. The penetration of peptides alone or even the peptide nanoparticles with Sodium cholate do not collapse the lung surfactant model, indicating to be a promisor drug delivery system to the lung. The implications of this finding are that antimicrobial peptides may only be co-administered with an absorption enhancer such as Sodium cholate into lung surfactant in order to avoid inactivation of their antimicrobial activity.

Denaturation studies on bovine serum albumin-bile salt system: Bile salt stabilizes bovine serum albumin through hydrophobicity.[Pubmed:29568665]

J Pharm Anal. 2018 Feb;8(1):27-36.

Protein denaturation is under intensive research, since it leads to neurological disorders of severe consequences. Avoiding denaturation and stabilizing the proteins in their native state is of great importance, especially when proteins are used as drug molecules or vaccines. It is preferred to add pharmaceutical excipients in protein formulations to avoid denaturation and thereby stabilize them. The present study aimed at using bile salts (BSs), a group of well-known drug delivery systems, for stabilization of proteins. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was taken as the model protein, whose association with two BSs, namely Sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), was studied. Denaturation studies on the pre-formed BSA-BS systems were carried out under chemical and physical denaturation conditions. Urea was used as the chemical denaturant and BSA-BS systems were subjected to various temperature conditions to understand the thermal (physical) denaturation. With the denaturation conditions prescribed here, the data obtained is informative on the association of BSA-BS systems to be hydrophobic and this effect of hydrophobicity plays an important role in stabilizing the serum albumin in its native state under both chemical and thermal denaturation.

Development of transethosomes formulation for dermal fisetin delivery: Box-Behnken design, optimization, in vitro skin penetration, vesicles-skin interaction and dermatokinetic studies.[Pubmed:29730964]

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(sup2):755-765.

The present study was conducted for the optimization of transethosomes formulation for dermal fisetin delivery. The optimization of the formulation was carried out using "Box-Behnken design". The independent variables were Lipoid S 100, ethanol and Sodium cholate. The prepared formulations were characterized for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency and in vitro skin penetration study. The vesicles-skin interaction, confocal laser scanning microscopy and dermatokinetic studies were performed with optimized formulation. Results of the present study demonstrated that the optimized formulation presented vesicle size of 74.21 +/- 2.65 nm, zeta potential of -11.0 mV, entrapment efficiency of 68.31 +/- 1.48% and flux of 4.13 +/- 0.17 microg/cm(2)/h. The TEM image of optimized formulation exhibited sealed and spherical shape vesicles. Results of thermoanalytical techniques demonstrated that the prepared transethosomes vesicles formulation had fluidized the rigid membrane of rat's skin for smoother penetration of fisetin transethosomes. The confocal study results presented well distribution and penetration of Rhodamine B loaded transethosomes vesicles formulation up to deeper layers of the rat's skin as compared to the Rhodamine B-hydro alcoholic solution. Present study data revealed that the developed transethosomes vesicles formulation was found to be a potentially useful drug carrier for fisetin dermal delivery.

Cholic acid sodium is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Sodium cholate,361-09-1,Natural Products, buy Sodium cholate , Sodium cholate supplier , purchase Sodium cholate , Sodium cholate cost , Sodium cholate manufacturer , order Sodium cholate , high purity Sodium cholate