Flumequine

CAS# 42835-25-6

Flumequine

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Chemical structure

Flumequine

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Chemical Properties of Flumequine

Cas No. 42835-25-6 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 3374 Appearance Powder
Formula C14H12FNO3 M.Wt 261.25
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility DMSO : 7.69 mg/mL (29.44 mM; Need ultrasonic)
SMILES CC1CCC2=C3N1C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C2)F)C(=O)O
Standard InChIKey DPSPPJIUMHPXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C14H12FNO3/c1-7-2-3-8-4-9(15)5-10-12(8)16(7)6-11(13(10)17)14(18)19/h4-7H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,18,19)
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Flumequine

DescriptionFlumequine is a quinolone antibiotic, and acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15 μM (3.92 μg/mL).In Vitro:Flumequine is a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.92 μg/mL, and less potently inhibits Gyrase, with an IC50 of 1764 μg/mL. Flumequine (0-625 μg/mL) increases migration of nuclear DNA from CHL cells[1]. Flumequine inhibits Spanish field isolates of B. hyodysenteriae with MIC50 and MIC90 of 50 and 100 μg/mL, and MBC50 and MBC90 of 50, 200 μg/mL, respectively[2]. Flumequine suppresses A. salmonicida isolates with MIC ranging from 0.06 to 32 μg/mL[3].In Vivo:Flumequine (0-500 mg/kg, p.o.) causes dose-related DNA damage in the stomach, colon, and urinary bladder of mice, 1 and 3 h but not 24 h after its administration[1].

References:
[1]. Kashida Y, et al. Mechanistic study on flumequine hepatocarcinogenicity focusing on DNA damage in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Oct;69(2):317-21. [2]. Aller-Morán LM, et al. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Res Vet Sci. 2015 Dec;103:51-3. [3]. Giraud E, et al. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance and clonal relationship among Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from reared fish with furunculosis. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):895-901.

Protocol

Kinase Assay [1]
Twenty μL of reaction mixture containing 0.4 μg of kinetoplast DNA with 1 U of topoisomerase II and serial dilutions of each antibacterial agent (including Flumequine) are incubated for 5 min at 37°C in buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 120 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM ATP, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, and 30 μg/mL of bovine serum albumin. After stopping the reaction by adding sarcosyl with gel-loading buffer, catenated and decatenated kDNAs are separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The gels are stained with ethidium bromide and photographed using UV light (302 nm) with a Gel Print 200i/VGA, and the brightness of bands is traced with an Image Analyzer. Each band is quantified and the amount of DNA treated with each concentration of quinolone is measured to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase II[1].

Cell Assay [1]
The Chinese hamster lung cell line CHL/IU is routinely maintained in monolayer culture in Dulbecco's modified MEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C under a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Exponentially growing cells are treated with Flumequine dissolved in DMSO for 1 h. The dose range is chosen in order to obtain both damaged and highly damaged cells. Following Flumequine treatment, cells are embedded in GP42 agarose dissolved in saline at 1%. Cell number and cell viability are determined for each dose[1].

Animal Administration [1]
Infant and young-adult male ddY mice at 4 and 7 weeks of age, respectively, are used after 1 week of acclimatization. Groups are treated once orally with Flumequine at <500 mg/kg. Adult mice are sacrificed at 3 and 24 h after treatment, and 8 organs, the stomach, colon, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, brain, and bone marrow, are removed. Infant mice are sacrificed 3 and 24 h after treatment, and the livers are excised. In another study, the genotoxicity of Flumequine is studied in the regenerating liver of adult mice. For this purpose, male mice at 8 weeks-of-age are anesthetized with ether and 3 major lobes of the liver, left lateral lobe, left medial lobe, and right lateral lobe, are removed. Four days after the hepatectomy, mice are subjected to oral administration of Flumequine once. They are sacrificed 3 h after FL-treatment and regenerated livers are sampled. Slides for the comet assay are prepared at each set time[1].

References:
[1]. Kashida Y, et al. Mechanistic study on flumequine hepatocarcinogenicity focusing on DNA damage in mice. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Oct;69(2):317-21. [2]. Aller-Morán LM, et al. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Res Vet Sci. 2015 Dec;103:51-3. [3]. Giraud E, et al. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance and clonal relationship among Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from reared fish with furunculosis. J Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(Pt 9):895-901.

Flumequine Dilution Calculator

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Flumequine Molarity Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Flumequine

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.8278 mL 19.1388 mL 38.2775 mL 76.555 mL 95.6938 mL
5 mM 0.7656 mL 3.8278 mL 7.6555 mL 15.311 mL 19.1388 mL
10 mM 0.3828 mL 1.9139 mL 3.8278 mL 7.6555 mL 9.5694 mL
50 mM 0.0766 mL 0.3828 mL 0.7656 mL 1.5311 mL 1.9139 mL
100 mM 0.0383 mL 0.1914 mL 0.3828 mL 0.7656 mL 0.9569 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Flumequine

Flumequine is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic, inhibiting topoisomerase II with IC50 of 15 μM.

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References on Flumequine

Evaluation of the in vitro activity of flumequine against field isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.[Pubmed:26679795]

Res Vet Sci. 2015 Dec;103:51-3.

Flumequine is a quinolone derivative used in veterinary medicine to treat enteric infections, mainly those caused by Gram negative bacteria and also some Gram positive. Some recent reports by field practitioners have suggested that its use in swine dysentery outbreaks can minimize the impact of this disease. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro anti-Brachyspira hyodysenteriae activity of Flumequine. Forty eight field isolates of the bacterium were evaluated using a microdilution test. The lack of colon bioavailability studies of Flumequine in pigs makes it difficult to establish the true efficacy of this antibiotic for swine dysentery control. Nonetheless, the relatively high values of MIC50 (50 mug/mL) and MBC50 (50 mug/mL) obtained suggest poor activity against B. hyodysenteriae. Flumequine activity in swine dysentery outbreaks could be related to its activity against other bacteria, different from B. hyodysenteriae, engaged in swine dysentery pathogenesis.

Validation of a Chiral Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Degradation Behavior of Flumequine Enantiomers in Mariculture Pond Water.[Pubmed:27483447]

Chirality. 2016 Sep;28(9):649-55.

In this work, Flumequine (FLU) enantiomers were separated using a Chiralpak OD-H column, with n-hexane-ethanol (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for cleanup and enrichment. The limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, precision, and intra/interday variation of the chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were determined. The developed method was then applied to investigate the degradation behavior of FLU enantiomers in mariculture pond water samples. The results showed that the degradation of FLU enantiomers under natural, sterile, or dark conditions was not enantioselective. Chirality 28:649-655, 2016. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Use of micellar liquid chromatography to analyze oxolinic acid, flumequine, marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in honey and validation according to the 2002/657/EC decision.[Pubmed:26920300]

Food Chem. 2016 Jul 1;202:316-23.

A micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of oxolinic acid, Flumequine, marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin in honey. These quinolines are unethically used in beekeeping, and a zero-tolerance policy to antibiotic residues in honey has been stated by the European Union. The sample pretreatment was a 1:1 dilution with a 0.05M SDS at pH 3 solution, filtration and direct injection, thus avoiding extraction steps. The quinolones were eluted without interferences using mobile phase of 0.05M SDS/12.5% 1-propanol/0.5% triethylamine at pH 3, running at 1mL/min under isocratic room through a C18 column. The analytes were detected by fluorescence. The method was successfully validated according to the requirements of the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of: specificity, linearity (r(2)>0.995), limit of detection and decision limit (0.008-0.070mg/kg), lower limit of quantification (0.02-0.2mg/kg), detection capability (0.010-0.10mg/kg), recovery (82.1-110.0%), precision (<9.4%), matrix effects, robustness (<10.4%), and stability. The procedure was applied to several commercial honey supplied by a local supermarket, and the studied antibiotics were not detected. Therefore, the method was rapid, simple, safe, eco friendly, reliable and useful for the routine analysis of honey samples.

Analysis of flumequine enantiomers in rat plasma by UFLC-ESI-MS/MS.[Pubmed:27791319]

Chirality. 2016 Nov;28(11):737-743.

In this study the analysis and confirmation of Flumequine enantiomers in rat plasma by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (using propranolol as an internal standard [IS]) was developed and validated. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether as the extraction solvent. Direct resolution of the R- and S-isomers was performed on a CHIRALCEL OJ-RH column (4.6 x 150 mm, 5 mum) using acetonitrile / 0.1% formic acid / 1 mM ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Detection was operated by electron spray ionization in the selected ion monitoring and positive ion mode. The target ions at m/z 262.1 and m/z 260.1 were selected for the quantification of the enantiomers and IS, respectively. The linear range was 0.5-500 ng/mL. The precisions (coefficient of variation, CV%) and recoveries were 1.43-8.68 and 94.24-106.76%, respectively. The lowest quantitation limit for both enantiomers is 0.5 ng/mL, which is sensitive enough to be applied to sample analysis in other related studies.

Description

Flumequine (R-802) is a quinolone antibiotic, and acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, with an IC50 of 15 μM (3.92 μg/mL).

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