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Reparixin L-lysine salt

CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitor CAS# 266359-93-7

Reparixin L-lysine salt

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Quality Control of Reparixin L-lysine salt

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Chemical structure

Reparixin L-lysine salt

3D structure

Chemical Properties of Reparixin L-lysine salt

Cas No. 266359-93-7 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 9932389 Appearance Powder
Formula C20H35N3O5S M.Wt 429.57
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Synonyms Repertaxin L-lysine salt
Solubility H2O : 100 mg/mL (232.79 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (232.79 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Chemical Name (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2R)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]-N-methylsulfonylpropanamide
SMILES CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C.C(CCN)CC(C(=O)O)N
Standard InChIKey JEJFWWFZAQBZMJ-GVKMLHTLSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C14H21NO3S.C6H14N2O2/c1-10(2)9-12-5-7-13(8-6-12)11(3)14(16)15-19(4,17)18;7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10/h5-8,10-11H,9H2,1-4H3,(H,15,16);5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10)/t11-;5-/m10/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of Reparixin L-lysine salt

DescriptionReparixin L-lysine salt is a potent and specific allosteric inhibitor of both CXCL8 receptors CXCR1/2, it inhibits weakly CXCR2-mediated cell migration (IC50=100 nM), whereas it strongly blocks CXCR1-mediated chemotaxis (IC50=1 nM).In Vitro:Reparixin is a potent functional inhibitor of CXCL8-induced biological activities on human PMNs with a marked selectivity (around 400-fold) for CXCR1, as shown in specific experiments on CXCR1/L1.2 and CXCR2/L1.2 transfected cells and on human PMNs. The efficacy of Reparixin is significantly lower in L1.2 cells expressing Ile43Val CXCR1 mutant (IC50 values of 5.6 nM and 80 nM for CXCR1 wt and CXCR1 Ile43Val, respectively)[1]. Reparixin is a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of IL-8 receptors with a 400-fold higher efficacy in inhibiting CXCR1 activity than CXCR2[2].In Vivo:The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Reparixin are investigated in rats and dogs after intravenous administration of [14C]-Reparixin L-lysine salt. Plasma protein binding of Reparixin is >99% in the laboratory animals and humans up to 50 µg/mL, but lower at higher concentrations. Although radioactivity is rapidly distributed into rat tissues, Vss is low (about 0.15 L/kg) in both rat and dog. Nevertheless, Reparixin is more rapidly eliminated in rats (t1/2~0.5 h) than in dogs (t1/2~10 h)[3].

References:
[1]. Moriconi A, et al. Design of noncompetitive interleukin-8 inhibitors acting on CXCR1 and CXCR2. J Med Chem. 2007 Aug 23;50(17):3984-4002. [2]. Bertini R, et al. Receptor binding mode and pharmacological characterization of a potent and selective dual CXCR1/CXCR2non-competitive allosteric inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;165(2):436-54. [3]. Midgley I, et al. Species differences in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of reparixin in rat and dog. Xenobiotica. 2006 May;36(5):419-40. [4]. Catrina, Anca, et al. METHODS AND COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BONE LOSS AND/OR PAIN. US 20170105971 A1.

Protocol

Kinase experiment [1]:

Binding assays

Isolated PMNs (107×mL) were resuspended in RPMI 1640 and incubated at 37℃ for 15 min in the presence of repertaxin (1 mM) or vehicle. After incubation cells were resuspended (2×107/mL) in binding medium (RPMI 1640 containing 10 mg/ml BSA, 20 mM HEPES, and 0.02% NaN3) in the presence of repertaxin or vehicle. Aliquots of 0.2 nM of [125I] CXCL8 and serial dilutions of unlabeled CXCL8 were added to 106 cells in 100 μL of binding medium and incubated at room temperature for 1 hr under gentle agitation. Unbound radioactivity was separated from cell-bound radioactivity by centrifugation through anoil gradient (80% silicon and 20% paraffin) on a microcentrifuge. Nonspecific binding was determined by a 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled CXCL8. Scatchard analysis was performed with the LIGAND program.

Cell experiment [1]:

Cell lines

Human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes and rodent peritoneal PMN.

Preparation method

Soluble in DMSO. General tips for obtaining a higher concentration: Please warm the tube at 37℃ for 10 minutes and/or shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.

Reacting condition

45 min (human PMN), 1 h (rodent PMN), or 2 h (monocytes).

Applications

Repertaxin inhibits human PMN migration induced by CXCL8 and CXCL1 with IC50 values of 1 nM and 400 nM respectively, which are mediated by CXCR1 and CXCR2, respectively. Repertaxin also inhibits rodent PMN chemotaxis induced by CXCL1 and CXCL2.

Animal experiment [1]:

Animal models

Rat model of liver postischaemia RI.

Dosage form

3, 15, or 30 mg/kg; 15 min before reperfusion (i.v.) and 2 h after reperfusion (s.c.).

Application

Repertaxin (15 mg/kg) inhibits PMN recruitment into reperfused livers by 90% and significantly reduces liver damage.

Other notes

Please test the solubility of all compounds indoor, and the actual solubility may slightly differ with the theoretical value. This is caused by an experimental system error and it is normal.

References:

[1]. Bertini R, Allegretti M, Bizzarri C, et al. Noncompetitive allosteric inhibitors of the inflammatory chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2: prevention of reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004, 101(32): 11791-11796.

Reparixin L-lysine salt Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of Reparixin L-lysine salt

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.3279 mL 11.6395 mL 23.2791 mL 46.5582 mL 58.1977 mL
5 mM 0.4656 mL 2.3279 mL 4.6558 mL 9.3116 mL 11.6395 mL
10 mM 0.2328 mL 1.164 mL 2.3279 mL 4.6558 mL 5.8198 mL
50 mM 0.0466 mL 0.2328 mL 0.4656 mL 0.9312 mL 1.164 mL
100 mM 0.0233 mL 0.1164 mL 0.2328 mL 0.4656 mL 0.582 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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Background on Reparixin L-lysine salt

Reparixin L-lysine salt is an inhibitor of interleukin 8 receptor alpha (CXCR1) and beta (CXCR2) with IC50 value of 5.6 nM and 80 nM respectively [1].

CXCR1 and 2 belong to class A of 7-transmembrane G protein coupled receptor, and they share 78% amino acid identity. They are specific receptors for interleukin-8 which is a chemokine. They are mainly expressed in the neutrophils, where they mediate neutrophil migration to the site of inflammation. In addition, they are also involved in tumor aggressive growth and metastasis of human malignant melanoma.

Structural and biochemical study identified that Reparixin L-lysine salt had non-competitive allosteric interaction with CXCR1 and 2, by which blocking CXCR1 and CXR2 in an inactive conformation, and thus suppressed receptor-induced intracellular signaling cascade and cellular response [2]. When CXCR1 were expressed in L1.2 cells, cell migration induced by 10 nM CXC8 was significantly inhibited by reparixin L-lysine salt [1].

In mouse model, treatment of reparixin L-lysine salt after introduction of injury significantly (15 mg/ kg/ day for 7 days) suppressed secondary degeneration by reducing CXC8-dependent oligodendrocyte apoptosis, migration to the injury site of neutrophils and ED-1-positive cells. Additionally, the level of macrophage-inflammatory protein-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 beta was also reduced, and the proliferation of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells was significantly reduced [2].

In mouse ischemia model, pre-treatment with reparixin reduced the motor deficits, myeloperoxidase activity and IL-1b level. Furthermore, ischemic injury was also attenuated [3].

References:
[1] Moriconi A et al. , Design of noncompetitive interleukin-8 inhibitors acting on CXCR1 and CXCR2. J Med Chem. 2007, 50(17): 3984-4002.
[2] Gorio A, Madaschi L, Zadra G, Reparixin, an inhibitor of CXCR2 function, attenuates inflammatory responses and promotes recovery of functionafter traumatic lesion to the spinal cord.  J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007, 322(3): 973-981.
[3] Sousa L F, Coelho F M, Rodrigues D H, Blockade of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptors protects against brain damage in ischemic stroke in mice.  Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013, 68(3): 391-394.

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References on Reparixin L-lysine salt

Species differences in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of reparixin in rat and dog.[Pubmed:16854780]

Xenobiotica. 2006 May;36(5):419-40.

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of reparixin (formerly repertaxin), a potent and specific inhibitor of the chemokine CXCL8, were investigated in rats and dogs after intravenous administration of [14C]-Reparixin L-lysine salt. Protein binding of reparixin was investigated in vitro in rat, dog, rabbit, cynomolgus monkey and human plasma. Plasma protein binding of reparixin was >99% in the laboratory animals and humans up to 50 microg ml-1, but lower at higher concentrations. Although radioactivity was rapidly distributed into rat tissues, Vss was low (about 0.15 l kg-1) in both rat and dog. Nevertheless, reparixin was more rapidly eliminated in rats (t1/2 approximately 0.5 h) than in dogs (t1/2 approximately 10 h). Systemic exposure in dog was due primarily to parent drug, but metabolites played a more prominent role in rat. Oxidation of the isobutyl side-chain was the major metabolic pathway in rat, whereas hydrolysis of the amide bond predominated in dog. Urinary excretion, which accounted for 80-82% of the radioactive dose, was the major route of elimination in both species, and biotransformation of reparixin was complete before excretion.

Description

Reparixin L-lysine salt is an allosteric inhibitor of chemokine receptor 1/2 (CXCR1/2) activation.

Keywords:

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