Sodium chloride

Insights into metabolism and sodium chloride adaptability of carbaryl degrading halotolerant Pseudomonas sp. strain C7.[Pubmed:28374062]

Arch Microbiol. 2017 Aug;199(6):907-916.

Pseudomonas sp. strain C7 isolated from sediment of Thane creek near Mumbai, India, showed the ability to grow on glucose and carbaryl in the presence of 7.5 and 3.5% of NaCl, respectively. It also showed good growth in the absence of NaCl indicating the strain to be halotolerant. Increasing salt concentration impacted the growth on carbaryl; however, the specific activity of various enzymes involved in the metabolism remained unaffected. Among various enzymes, 1-naphthol 2-hydroxylase was found to be sensitive to chloride as compared to carbaryl hydrolase and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. The intracellular concentration of Cl(-) ions remained constant (6-8 mM) for cells grown on carbaryl either in the presence or absence of NaCl. Thus the ability to adapt to the increasing concentration of NaCl is probably by employing chloride efflux pump and/or increase in the concentration of osmolytes as mechanism for halotolerance. The halotolerant nature of the strain will be beneficial to remediate carbaryl from saline agriculture fields, ecosystems and wastewaters.

Influence of sodium chloride content in electrolyte solution on electrochemical impedance measurements of human dentin.[Pubmed:28348614]

Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2017 Jan-Feb;14(1):25-31.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Sodium chloride (NaCl) content in electrolyte solution on electrochemical impedance measurements of human dentin by employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin samples were prepared from extracted molars. Electrochemical impedance measurements were carried out over a wide frequency range (0.01Hz-10MHz). After measurements, samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the mean values of dentin electrical resistance were 4284, 2062, 1336, 53 and 48kOmega at different NaCl contents in electrolyte solution. One-way ANOVA test of mean values of dentin electrical resistance revealed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) as a function of NaCl content in electrolyte solution. Comparing electrical resistance values of dentin samples at 0.05% w/v and 0.9% w/v concentrations were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05 at 95% confidence level). Scanning electron microscopy revealed structure of dentin sample with intertubular dentin matrix and distribution of patent dentinal tubules. CONCLUSION: This in vitro study indicated, through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, that electrical resistance of dentin was affected by the concentration of NaCl in electrolyte solution. It is clear from the current study that NaCl concentration in electrolyte solution has a marked influence on dentin electrical resistance. Therefore, this baseline data need to be considered in any future study on dental samples.

Incidence of Adverse Events During Peripheral Administration of Sodium Chloride 3.[Pubmed:28372499]

J Intensive Care Med. 2018 Jan;33(1):48-53.

PURPOSE: Traditionally, Sodium chloride 3% has been administered via a central venous line (CVL) because of the perceived risk of infiltration and tissue injury due to its high osmolarity. In clinical practice, Sodium chloride 3% is commonly administered through peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) given the necessity of timely administration. However, there is no published data on the safety of administering Sodium chloride 3% through PVCs in the adult population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of peripheral venous administration of Sodium chloride 3%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted in patients who received Sodium chloride 3% in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were excluded if they had a CVL for the entire duration of the infusion or younger than 18 years at the time of administration. Baseline patient and infusion characteristics were collected. Infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs) were recorded, graded, and interventions required were noted. RESULTS: A total of 66 patients were included in the analysis. The most common indication was hyponatremia and majority of the patients were managed in the neurosurgical ICU. The most common risk factor for IRAEs was the presence of altered mental status. Four patients experienced an IRAE at an event rate of 6.1%. Patients who experienced an IRAE ranged from 38 to 82 years old. The IRAEs were grade 1 in severity, managed conservatively with removal of the PVC, and 2 of the 4 patients had their infusions restarted peripherally. The time to initial IRAE ranged from 2 to 94 hours. For the entire cohort, hospital and ICU length of stay were 8 and 4 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of IRAEs related to the infusion of Sodium chloride 3% through PVCs appears to be similar to those reported with other hyperosmotic agents and could be considered for patients who need time-sensitive therapy.