TAK-285

TAK-285 is a potent inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR with IC50 value of 17 nM and 23 nM, respectively [1].

EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and HER2 are members of ErbB family of receptors and play an important role in stimulating its intrinsic intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase activity. It has been shown that the over-expressions of HER-2 and EGFR are correlated with a variety of cancers and thus be regarded as promising target in clinic [2].

TAK-285 is a selective HER2 and EGFR inhibitor and has a different selectivity with the reported HER inhibitor AST-6. When tested with a panel of breast cancer cell lines, cells over-expressed HER2 (BT-474, NCI-N87, SK-BR-3, Calu-3, and MDA-MB-453) or EGFR (A-431) were more sensitive to TAK-285 treatment while normal expressed cell line (MRC-5) was less sensitive [1]. [3].

In rat model with 4-1ST (over-express HER2) or A-431 (over-express EGFR) subcutaneous xenograft, administration of TAK-285 caused significant reduction of tumor growth with T/C values of 14% and 13%, respectively, at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, compared with control group [1]. In a panel of human breast cancer cell lines expressing EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4, administration of TAK-285 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values range from 0.011 to 17 μM [3].

It is also reported that TAK-285 inhibited Akt and MAPK phosphorylation with IC50 value of 0.015 μM and <0.0063 μM, respectively [1].

References:
[1].  Nakayama, A., et al., Antitumor Activity of TAK-285, an Investigational, Non-Pgp Substrate HER2/EGFR Kinase Inhibitor, in Cultured Tumor Cells, Mouse and Rat Xenograft Tumors, and in an HER2-Positive Brain Metastasis Model. J Cancer, 2013. 4(7): p. 557-65.
[2].  Lyakhov, I., et al., HER2- and EGFR-specific affiprobes: novel recombinant optical probes for cell imaging. Chembiochem, 2010. 11(3): p. 345-50.
[3].   Takagi, S., et al., HER2 and HER3 cooperatively regulate cancer cell growth and determine sensitivity to the novel investigational EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor TAK-285. Oncoscience, 2014. 1(3): p. 196-204.

Verification of brain penetration of the unbound fraction of a novel HER2/EGFR dual kinase inhibitor (TAK-285) by microdialysis in rats.[Pubmed:22245027]

Brain Res Bull. 2012 Mar 10;87(4-5):413-9.

TAK-285, an investigational, orally active HER2/EGRF inhibitor is in clinical development for potential use in HER2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer. The objective of the present work was to verify the presence of unbound TAK-285 in the rat brain after oral administration by a microdialysis technique with simultaneous sampling of blood and brain. In a pilot microdialysis experiment no detectable amount of TAK-285 was found in the brain dialysate samples after oral administration of the drug (50 mg/kg). A conventional pharmacokinetic study was performed simultaneously with the pilot microdialysis study using the same dosing suspension. TAK-285 was detected in the brain even at the last time point when the samples were taken from the animal at the end-point of the microdialysis experiment. The apparent absence of TAK-285 in blood and brain dialysate samples might be explained by a very low recovery of microdialysis probes for TAK-285 and/or by the adsorption of the compound to the outflow tubing of the microdialysis probes. Results of an in vitro recovery study with TAK-285 were indicative of the strong adsorption of the compound to the microdialysis tubings. Adding bovine serum albumin (4%, w/v) in perfusion fluids and reducing perfusion flow rate (from 1.0 muL/min to 0.5 muL/min) in in vitro experiments substantially improved the detectability of TAK-285 in dialysate samples. Application of new perfusion conditions resulted in a manifold increase of the relative recovery of the microdialysis set-up for TAK-285 (from 1.6% to 47%). Subsequent in vivo microdialysis experiments were performed using the modified perfusion conditions in animals dosed with TAK-285 (75 mg/kg, p.o.). Detectable level of unbound TAK-285 was found in the extracellular space in the brain as long as 24-28 h after administration of the drug. The brain-to-blood ratios of the unbound TAK-285 were 0.18 and 0.24 (calculated from the C(max) values or from the area under the curve [AUC] values) similarly to the brain-to-blood ratios of total TAK-285. On the basis of substantial brain penetration of unbound TAK-285, it is concluded that TAK-285 might have the potential in the treatment of brain metastases of HER2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer. The methodological approach described here might help to solve similar problems in determination of brain penetration of other substances with strong adsorption to the tubing of microdialysis setups.

Phase 1 dose-escalation, pharmacokinetic, and cerebrospinal fluid distribution study of TAK-285, an investigational inhibitor of EGFR and HER2.[Pubmed:23817974]

Invest New Drugs. 2014 Feb;32(1):160-70.

INTRODUCTION: This phase 1 study assessed safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution, and preliminary clinical activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor TAK-285. METHODS: Patients with advanced, histologically confirmed solid tumors and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status TAK-285; daily dose was escalated within defined cohorts until MTD and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) were determined. Eleven patients were enrolled into an RP2D cohort. Blood samples were collected from all cohorts; CSF was collected at pharmacokinetic steady-state from RP2D patients. Tumor responses were assessed every 8 weeks per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were enrolled (median age 60; range, 35-76 years). The most common diagnoses were cancers of the colon (28 %), breast (17 %), and pancreas (9 %). Escalation cohorts evaluated doses from 50 mg daily to 500 mg twice daily; the MTD/RP2D was 400 mg twice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities included diarrhea, hypokalemia, and fatigue. Drug absorption was fast (median time of maximum concentration was 2-3 h), and mean half-life was 9 h. Steady-state average unbound CSF concentration (geometric mean 1.54 [range, 0.51-4.27] ng/mL; n = 5) at the RP2D was below the 50 % inhibitory concentration (9.3 ng/mL) for inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity in cells expressing recombinant HER2. Best response was stable disease (12 weeks of nonprogression) in 13 patients. CONCLUSIONS: TAK-285 was generally well tolerated at the RP2D. Distribution in human CSF was confirmed, but the free concentration of the drug was below that associated with biologically relevant target inhibition.

Antitumor Activity of TAK-285, an Investigational, Non-Pgp Substrate HER2/EGFR Kinase Inhibitor, in Cultured Tumor Cells, Mouse and Rat Xenograft Tumors, and in an HER2-Positive Brain Metastasis Model.[Pubmed:23983820]

J Cancer. 2013 Aug 16;4(7):557-65.

Breast cancer therapy has improved following the development of drugs with specific molecular targets, exemplified by inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. However, these drugs have little effect on brain metastasis due to the combined effects of poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier and their removal from the central nervous system (CNS) by the p-glycoprotein (Pgp) drug efflux pump. We investigated the effects of TAK-285, a novel, investigational, dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor that has been shown to penetrate the CNS and has comparable inhibitory efficacy to lapatinib which is a known Pgp substrate. Tested against a panel of 96 kinases, TAK-285 showed specificity for inhibition of HER family kinases. Unlike lapatinib, TAK-285 is not a substrate for Pgp efflux. In mouse and rat xenograft tumor models, TAK-285 showed antitumor activity against cancers that expressed HER2 or EGFR. TAK-285 was as effective as lapatinib in antitumor activity in a mouse subcutaneous BT-474 breast cancer xenograft model. TAK-285 was examined in a model of breast cancer brain metastasis using direct intracranial injection of BT-474-derived luciferase-expressing cells and showed greater inhibition of brain tumor growth compared to animals treated with lapatinib. Our studies suggest that investigational drugs such as TAK-285 that have strong antitumor activity and are not Pgp substrates may be useful in the development of agents with the potential to treat brain metastases.

HER2 and HER3 cooperatively regulate cancer cell growth and determine sensitivity to the novel investigational EGFR/HER2 kinase inhibitor TAK-285.[Pubmed:25594012]

Oncoscience. 2014 Mar 24;1(3):196-204.

The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family plays a major role in cancer cell proliferation. Overexpression of these receptors occurs in various cancers, including breast cancer, and correlates with shorter time to relapse and lower overall survival. We recently reported that TAK-285, an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of HER kinases, is not a p-glycoprotein substrate and penetrates the blood-brain barrier, suggesting favorable activity for the treatment of brain metastases. To identify the determinants of sensitivity to TAK-285, we examined the relationship between the IC50 values of TAK-285 for cell growth inhibition and the expression of candidate genes that are involved in the HER family signaling pathway and trastuzumab resistance in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, other types of cancer cells, and non-transformed cells in vitro. These analyses showed an inverse correlation between sensitivity to TAK-285 (IC50 values) and HER2 or HER3 expression. HER3 was highly phosphorylated in TAK-285-sensitive cells, where TAK-285 treatment reduced HER3 phosphorylation level. Because HER3 does not possess kinase activity and a selective inhibitor of HER2 but not of an epidermal growth factor receptor reduced the phospho-HER3 level, HER3 was suggested to be trans-phosphorylated by HER2. HER3 knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited cancer cell growth in TAK-285-sensitive cells but not in TAK-285-insensitive cells. These results suggest that HER2 and HER3 mainly regulate cancer cell growth in TAK-285-sensitive cells and that phospho-HER3 could be used as a potential molecular marker to select patients most likely to respond to TAK-285.

TAK-285 is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive and orally active HER2 and EGFR(HER1) inhibitor with IC50 of 17 nM and 23 nM, respectively. TAK-285 is >10-fold selectivity for HER1/2 than HER4, and less potent to MEK1/5, c-Met, Aurora B, Lck, CSK etc. TAK-285 has effective antitumor activity. TAK-285 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

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