Pelitinib (EKB-569)

Pelitinib (also known as EKB-569), a 3-cyanoquinoline, is a potent, and irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) tyrosine kinase that inhibits the activity of EGF-R with the half maximal inhibition concentration IC50 value of 38.5 nM in vitro [1].

Pelitinib has been found to exert a potent anti-proliferative activity against tumor cells overexpressing EGF-R, including NHEK, A431 and MDA-468 cells, with IC50 values of 61 nM, 125 nM and 260 nM respectively; while it has also been found to potently inhibit EGF-induced phosphorylated EGF-R (pEGF-R) in A431 and NHEK cells with IC50 values ranging from 20 nM to 80 nM [2].

References:
[1] Torrance CJ, Jackson PE, Montgomery E, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Wissner A, Nunes M, Frost P, Discafani CM. Combinatorial chemoprevention of intestinal neoplasia. Nat Med. 2000 Sep;6(9):1024-8.
[2] Nunes M, Shi C, Greenberger LM. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, protein kinase B, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 are differently inhibited by an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, EKB-569, in tumor cells and normal human keratinocytes. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Jan;3(1):21-7.

Pelitinib (EKB-569) targets the up-regulation of ABCB1 and ABCG2 induced by hyperthermia to eradicate lung cancer.[Pubmed:25988710]

Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;172(16):4089-106.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pelitinib is a potent irreversible EGFR TK inhibitor currently in clinical trials for the treatment of lung cancer. Hyperthermia has been applied concomitantly with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to enhance treatment outcome. In this study, we investigated the ability of the combination of pelitinib with other conventional anticancer drugs to specifically target cancer cells with up-regulated efflux transporters ABCB1/ABCG2 after hyperthermia as a novel way to eradicate the cancer stem-like cells responsible for cancer recurrence. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Alterations in intracellular topotecan accumulation, the efflux of fluorescent probe substrates, expression and ATPase activity of ABCB1/ABCG2 and tumoursphere formation capacity of side population (SP) cells sorted after hyperthermia were examined to elucidate the mechanism of pelitinib-induced chemosensitization. KEY RESULTS: While pelitinib did not modulate ABCB1/ABCG2 expressions, the combination of pelitinib with transporter substrate anticancer drugs induced more marked apoptosis, specifically in cells exposed to hyperthermia. The flow cytometric assay showed that both ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated drug effluxes were significantly inhibited by pelitinib in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition kinetics suggested that pelitinib is a competitive inhibitor of ABCB1/ABCG2, which is consistent with its ability to stimulate their ATPase activity. SP cells sorted after hyperthermia were found to be more resistant to anticancer drugs, presumably due to the up-regulation of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Importantly, pelitinib specifically enhanced the chemosensitivity but reduced the tumoursphere formation capacity of these SP cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrated a novel approach, exploiting drug resistance, to selectively kill cancer stem-like cells after hyperthermia.

Pelitinib (EKB-569;WAY-EKB 569) is an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR with an IC50 of 38.5 nM; also slightly inhibits Src, MEK/ERK and ErbB2 with IC50s of 282, 800, and 1255 nM, respectively.

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