UNC0321

UNC0321 is the most potent small-molecule inhibitor of protein lysine methyltransferase G9a, an enzyme methylating lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9) and lysine 373 (K373) of p53, with the inhibition constant Ki value of 63 nM and the half maximal inhibition concentration IC50 values of 9 nM in enzyme-coupled SAH detection assay (ECSD) and 6 nM in chemiluminescence-based oxygen tunneling assay (CLOT) respectively [1].

UNC0321 has also been found to inhibit G9a like protein (GLP), an H3K9 and p53 K373 methyltransferase sharing 80% sequence identity in SET domain with G9a, with IC50 values of 15 nM (ECSD) and 23 nM (CLOT) respectively [1].

Reference

References:
[1] Liu F, Chen X, Allali-Hassani A, Quinn AM, Wigle TJ, Wasney GA, Dong A, Senisterra G, Chau I, Siarheyeva A, Norris JL, Kireev DB, Jadhav A, Herold JM, Janzen WP, Arrowsmith CH, Frye SV, Brown PJ, Simeonov A, Vedadi M, Jin J. Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitors: design, synthesis, and structure activity relationships of 2,4-diamino-7-aminoalkoxy-quinazolines. J Med Chem. 2010 Aug 12;53(15):5844-57. doi: 10.1021/jm100478y.

Optimization of cellular activity of G9a inhibitors 7-aminoalkoxy-quinazolines.[Pubmed:21780790]

J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 8;54(17):6139-50.

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a plays key roles in the transcriptional repression of a variety of genes via dimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) of chromatin as well as dimethylation of nonhistone proteins including tumor suppressor p53. We previously reported the discovery of UNC0321 (3), the most potent G9a inhibitor to date, via structure-based design and structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration of the quinazoline scaffold represented by BIX01294 (1). Despite its very high in vitro potency, compound 3 lacks sufficient cellular potency. The design and synthesis of several generations of new analogues aimed at improving cell membrane permeability while maintaining high in vitro potency resulted in the discovery of a number of novel G9a inhibitors such as UNC0646 (6) and UNC0631 (7) with excellent potency in a variety of cell lines and excellent separation of functional potency versus cell toxicity. The design, synthesis, and cellular SAR of these potent G9a inhibitors are described.

A Unique Virulence Gene Occupies a Principal Position in Immune Evasion by the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.[Pubmed:25993442]

PLoS Genet. 2015 May 19;11(5):e1005234.

Mutually exclusive gene expression, whereby only one member of a multi-gene family is selected for activation, is used by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to escape the human immune system and perpetuate long-term, chronic infections. A family of genes called var encodes the chief antigenic and virulence determinant of P. falciparum malaria. var genes are transcribed in a mutually exclusive manner, with switching between active genes resulting in antigenic variation. While recent work has shed considerable light on the epigenetic basis for var gene activation and silencing, how switching is controlled remains a mystery. In particular, switching seems not to be random, but instead appears to be coordinated to result in timely activation of individual genes leading to sequential waves of antigenically distinct parasite populations. The molecular basis for this apparent coordination is unknown. Here we show that var2csa, an unusual and highly conserved var gene, occupies a unique position within the var gene switching hierarchy. Induction of switching through the destabilization of var specific chromatin using both genetic and chemical methods repeatedly led to the rapid and exclusive activation of var2csa. Additional experiments demonstrated that these represent "true" switching events and not simply de-silencing of the var2csa promoter, and that activation is limited to the unique locus on chromosome 12. Combined with translational repression of var2csa transcripts, frequent "default" switching to this locus and detection of var2csa untranslated transcripts in non-pregnant individuals, these data suggest that var2csa could play a central role in coordinating switching, fulfilling a prediction made by mathematical models derived from population switching patterns. These studies provide the first insights into the mechanisms by which var gene switching is coordinated as well as an example of how a pharmacological agent can disrupt antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitors: design, synthesis, and structure activity relationships of 2,4-diamino-7-aminoalkoxy-quinazolines.[Pubmed:20614940]

J Med Chem. 2010 Aug 12;53(15):5844-57.

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a, which catalyzes methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9) and lysine 373 (K373) of p53, is overexpressed in human cancers. Genetic knockdown of G9a inhibits cancer cell growth, and the dimethylation of p53 K373 results in the inactivation of p53. Initial SAR exploration of the 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline template represented by 3a (BIX01294), a selective small molecule inhibitor of G9a and GLP, led to the discovery of 10 (UNC0224) as a potent G9a inhibitor with excellent selectivity. A high resolution X-ray crystal structure of the G9a-10 complex, the first cocrystal structure of G9a with a small molecule inhibitor, was obtained. On the basis of the structural insights revealed by this cocrystal structure, optimization of the 7-dimethylaminopropoxy side chain of 10 resulted in the discovery of 29 (UNC0321) (Morrison K(i) = 63 pM), which is the first G9a inhibitor with picomolar potency and the most potent G9a inhibitor to date.

UNC0321 is a potent and selective histone methyltransferase G9a inhibitor with a Ki of 63 pM and with assay-dependent IC50 values of 6-9 nM. UNC0321 also inhibits GLP with assay-dependent IC50 values of 15-23 nM. UNC0321 is inactive against SET7/9, SET8/PreSET7, PRMT3 and JMJD2E.

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