Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside

1 Crataegus sp. 2 Glycine sp.

Simultaneous determination of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside, vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, rutin and vitexin from hawthorn leaves flavonoids in rat plasma by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.[Pubmed:20570577]

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010 Jul 1;878(21):1837-44.

A sensitive and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside (VGL), vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside (VRH), rutin (RUT) and vitexin (VIT) in rat plasma after intravenous administration of hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF). Following protein precipitation by methanol, the analytes were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column packed with 1.7 microm particles by gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. The analytes and diphenhydramine (internal standard, IS) were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by means of an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface (m/z 292.96 for vitexin-4''-O-glucoside, m/z 293.10 for vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, m/z 299.92 for rutin, m/z 310.94 for vitexin and m/z 166.96 for IS). The calibration curve was linear over the range 10-40,000 ng/mL for vitexin-4''-O-glucoside, 10-50,000 ng/mL for vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, 8-1000 ng/mL for rutin and 16-2000 ng/mL for vitexin. The intra- and inter-run precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) of these analytes were all within 15% and the accuracy (the relative error, RE) ranged from -10% to 10%. The stability experiment indicated that the four analytes in rat plasma samples and plasma extracts under anticipated conditions were stable. The developed method was applied for the first time to pharmacokinetic studies of the four bioactive compounds of hawthorn leaves flavonoids following a single intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg in rats.

Hepatic, gastric and intestinal first-pass effects of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.[Pubmed:26031900]

Biomed Chromatogr. 2016 Feb;30(2):111-6.

Previous research in our laboratory found that the absolute bioavailability of vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside (VR) was quite low at 4.89%. A rapid and sensitive UHPLC method using hesperidin as an internal standard was therefore developed and validated to investigate the reasons for this by determining VR in rat plasma after administering intravenously, intraportally (5 mg/kg), intraduodenally and intragastrically (40 mg/kg) to the rat model of the hepatic, gastric and intestinal first-pass effects. As only a high intestinal first-pass effect of VR was found, that is, there existed a low bioavailability of VR (2.40%), inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), including verapamil, cyclosporin A and midazolam, and absorption enhancers, including bile salts and borneol, combined with VR, were instilled into duodenum to evaluate the effects on bioavailability of VR. The results demonstrated that area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of VR slightly increased after administration of verapamil, cyclosporin A and midazolam, indicating that CYP3A and P-gp do not play an important role in the first-pass effect in the intestine. AUC values of VR significantly increased after administering bile salts or borneol, indicating that the low bioavailability of VR was mainly related to its poor absorption in the intestine.

Effects of vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside and vitexin-4"-O-glucoside on growth and oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis of human adipose-derived stem cells.[Pubmed:24533889]

J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;66(7):988-97.

OBJECTIVES: Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside (VOR) and vitexin-4"-O-glucoside (VOG) are the two main flavonoid glycosides of the leaves of Cratagus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br. that has been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular system diseases. In this study, we simultaneously investigated the influence of VOR and VOG on human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to further characterize their anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activity. METHODS: hADSCs were isolated, cultured in vitro and pretreated with 62.5 mum VOR or 120 mum VOG for 24 h and then exposed to 500 mum H2 O2 for an additional 4 h. KEY FINDINGS: Pretreatment of hADSCs with VOR and VOG was demonstrated to significantly ameliorate the toxicity and apoptosis effects, such as morphological distortion, nuclear condensation, decreased intracellular caspase-3 activity and percentage of cells in apoptosis/necrosis by using morphological assay, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric evaluation. In addition, VOR and VOG caused no cytotoxic effect on hADSCs at concentrations up to 250 and 480 mum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that both VOR and VOG contribute to the protection against H2 O2 -mediated oxidative stress damage and could be safely used for a wide range of concentrations.

Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, a main flavonoid glycoside of the leaves of Cratagus pinnatifida Bge, contributes to the protection against H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage and has potential to treat cardiovascular system diseases.

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