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15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

CAS# 87893-55-8

15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

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Chemical structure

15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

3D structure

Chemical Properties of 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

Cas No. 87893-55-8 SDF Download SDF
PubChem ID 5311211 Appearance Powder
Formula C20H28O3 M.Wt 316.44
Type of Compound N/A Storage Desiccate at -20°C
Solubility Soluble in Methyl acetate (supplied pre-dissolved - 1mg/ml)
Chemical Name (Z)-7-[(1S,5E)-5-[(E)-oct-2-enylidene]-4-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]hept-5-enoic acid
SMILES CCCCCC=CC=C1C(C=CC1=O)CC=CCCCC(=O)O
Standard InChIKey VHRUMKCAEVRUBK-GODQJPCRSA-N
Standard InChI InChI=1S/C20H28O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-10-13-18-17(15-16-19(18)21)12-9-7-8-11-14-20(22)23/h6-7,9-10,13,15-17H,2-5,8,11-12,14H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/b9-7-,10-6+,18-13+/t17-/m0/s1
General tips For obtaining a higher solubility , please warm the tube at 37 ℃ and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while.Stock solution can be stored below -20℃ for several months.
We recommend that you prepare and use the solution on the same day. However, if the test schedule requires, the stock solutions can be prepared in advance, and the stock solution must be sealed and stored below -20℃. In general, the stock solution can be kept for several months.
Before use, we recommend that you leave the vial at room temperature for at least an hour before opening it.
About Packaging 1. The packaging of the product may be reversed during transportation, cause the high purity compounds to adhere to the neck or cap of the vial.Take the vail out of its packaging and shake gently until the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial.
2. For liquid products, please centrifuge at 500xg to gather the liquid to the bottom of the vial.
3. Try to avoid loss or contamination during the experiment.
Shipping Condition Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). Ship via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS or other couriers with RT, or blue ice upon request.

Biological Activity of 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

DescriptionSelective PPARγ agonist that induces adipocyte differentiation in C3H10Y1/2 fibroblasts (EC50 = 7 μM).

15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 Dilution Calculator

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Preparing Stock Solutions of 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.1602 mL 15.8008 mL 31.6016 mL 63.2031 mL 79.0039 mL
5 mM 0.632 mL 3.1602 mL 6.3203 mL 12.6406 mL 15.8008 mL
10 mM 0.316 mL 1.5801 mL 3.1602 mL 6.3203 mL 7.9004 mL
50 mM 0.0632 mL 0.316 mL 0.632 mL 1.2641 mL 1.5801 mL
100 mM 0.0316 mL 0.158 mL 0.316 mL 0.632 mL 0.79 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's necessary to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data above is only for reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.

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References on 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2

Therapeutic Treatment of Arthritic Mice with 15-Deoxy Delta(12,14)-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) Ameliorates Disease through the Suppression of Th17 Cells and the Induction of CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Cells.[Pubmed:27872515]

Mediators Inflamm. 2016;2016:9626427.

The prostaglandin, 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), is a lipid mediator that plays an important role in the control of chronic inflammatory disease. However, the role of prostanoid in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not well determined. We demonstrated the therapeutic effect of 15d-PGJ2 in an experimental model of arthritis. Daily administration of 15d-PGJ2 attenuated the severity of CIA, reducing the clinical score, pain, and edema. 15d-PGJ2 treatment was associated with a marked reduction in joint levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Although the mRNA expression of ROR-gammat was profoundly reduced, FOXP3 was enhanced in draining lymph node cells from 15d-PGJ2-treated arthritic mice. The specific and polyclonal CD4(+) Th17 cell responses were limited during the addition of prostaglandin to cell culture. Moreover, in vitro 15d-PGJ2 increased the expression of FOXP3, GITR, and CTLA-4 in the CD4(+)CD25(-) population, suggesting the induction of Tregs on conventional T cells. Prostanoid addition to CD4(+)CD25(-) cells selectively suppressed Th17 differentiation and promoted the enhancement of FOXP3 under polarization conditions. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 ameliorated symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis by regulating Th17 differentiation, concomitant with the induction of Tregs, and, consequently, protected mice from diseases aggravation. Altogether, these results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in RA.

Physiological and Pathological Roles of 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-Prostaglandin J2 in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Diseases.[Pubmed:28299574]

Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Mar;55(3):2227-2248.

Prostaglandins (PGs) are divided into conventional PGs, e.g., PGD2, and cyclopentenone-type PGs, e.g., 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). PGD2 is non-enzymatically metabolized to PGJ2, Delta(12)-PGJ2, and 15d-PGJ2. In the central nervous system, 15d-PGJ2 differentiates embryonic midbrain cells into dopaminergic neuronal cells via its nuclear peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). 15d-PGJ2 exerts conflict actions: proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities. In the brain, 15d-PGJ2 possesses opposite functions as a neuroprotectant at low concentrations and a neurotoxicant at high concentrations in the brain. PPARgamma contributes to the neuroprotective effect of 15d-PGJ2 but not to the neurotoxic effect. Its membrane receptor, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type 2 cells (CRTH2), is not also involved in the neurotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2. 15d-PGJ2 induces neuronal apoptosis via inactivating ubiquitin proteasome pathway and activating caspase cascade. Alternatively, 15d-PGJ2 downregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway and suppresses neurite outgrowth. 15d-PGJ2 possesses alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone moiety in its cyclopentenone ring and acts an endogenous electrophile. By the Michael addition reaction, 15d-PGJ2 is covalently bound to cellular nucleophiles, such as free cysteine residues of proteins that regulate intracellular signaling pathways. There are specific binding sites of [(3)H]15d-PGJ2 in the plasma membrane of cerebral cortices. Besides CRTH2, plasmalemmal glycolytic enzymes, respiratory chain enzymes, molecular chaperones, adaptor proteins and cytoskeletons are identified as membrane targets for 15d-PGJ2. In the present review, we provide evidences for pathophysiological roles of 15d-PGJ2 in the central nervous system and neurological diseases.

15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via inducing antioxidant response and inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy.[Pubmed:28216619]

Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 May;38(5):672-687.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical impairment that occurs in many circumstances and leads to poor prognosis. Both apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to cell death in hepatic I/R injury. 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is one of the best-studied anti-inflammatory prostaglandins, which has been verified to exert anti-inflammatory and cell-protective functions in various types of cells and animal models. In this study we explored the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on both apoptosis and autophagy in mouse hepatic I/R injury and its possible mechanisms. A model of segmental (70%) hepatic warm ischemia was established in Balb/c mice, and the pathological changes in serum and liver tissues were detected at 6, 12, and 24 h post-surgery, while 15d-PGJ2 (2.5, 7.5, 15 mug, iv) was administered 30 min prior the surgery. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 (7.5, 15 mug) significantly ameliorated I/R-induced hepatic injury evidenced by dose-dependent reduction of serum ALT and AST levels as well as alleviated tissue damages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment significantly decreased the serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels and the hepatic expression of F4/80, a major biomarker of macrophages. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, thus reducing the number of apoptotic cells in the livers. 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment considerably suppressed the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3, thus decreasing the number of autophagosomes in the livers. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 pretreatment activated Nrf2 and inhibited a ROS/HIF1alpha/BNIP3 pathway in the livers. Pretreatment with the PPARgamma receptor blocker GW9662 (2 mug, ip) partly reversed the protective effects of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury. In conclusion, our results confirm the protective effect of 15d-PGJ2 on hepatic I/R injury, an effect that may rely on a reduction in the activation of Kupffer cells and on activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which lead to inhibition of ROS generation, apoptosis, and autophagy.

15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma.[Pubmed:8521497]

Cell. 1995 Dec 1;83(5):803-12.

Regulation of adipose cell mass is a critical homeostatic process in higher vertebrates. The conversion of fibroblasts into cells of the adipose lineage is induced by expression of the orphan nuclear receptor PPAR gamma. This suggests that an endogenous PPAR gamma ligand may be an important regulator of adipogenesis. By assaying arachidonate metabolites for their capacity to activate PPAR response elements, we have identified 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 as both a PPAR gamma ligand and an inducer of adipogenesis. Similarly, the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs also bind to PPAR gamma and act as potent regulators of adipocyte development. Thus, adipogenic prostanoids and antidiabetic thiazolidinediones initiate key transcriptional events through a common nuclear receptor signaling pathway. These findings suggest a pivotal role for PPAR gamma and its endogenous ligand in adipocyte development and glucose homeostasis and as a target for intervention in metabolic disorders.

A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and promotes adipocyte differentiation.[Pubmed:8521498]

Cell. 1995 Dec 1;83(5):813-9.

Prostaglandins (PGs) of the J2 series form in vivo and exert effects on a variety of biological processes. While most of PGs mediate their effects through G protein-coupled receptors, the mechanism of action for the J2 series of PGs remains unclear. Here, we report the PGJ2 and its derivatives are efficacious activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma, respectively), orphan nuclear receptors implicated in lipid homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation. The PGJ2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2 binds directly to PPAR gamma and promotes efficient differentiation of C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts to adipocytes. These data provide strong evidence that a fatty acid metabolite can function as an adipogenic agent through direct interactions with PPAR gamma and furthermore, suggest a novel mechanism of action for PGs of the J2 series.

Description

15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin and a metabolite of PGD2. 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a selective PPARγ (EC50 of 2 µM) and a covalent PPARδ agonist. 15-Deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2 promotes efficient differentiation of C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts to adipocytes with an EC50 of 7 μM.

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