GW2580

GW2580 is a selective and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) with IC50 value of 30nM [1]

GW2580 has been demonstrated to be an extremely selective inhibitor for CSF-1R and has been hypothesized to bind to the DFG-out mode of CSF-1R, which might lock it into an inactive conformation [2] GW2580 has shown to inhibit epithelial cell-associated CSF-1 signaling, reduce Gr-1+ CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expansion, and alleviate the immune-suppressive microenvironment [3]. In addition, GW2580 suppressed IL-10 secretion in human glioblastoma cell line T98G [4].

References:
[1] Conway JG1, McDonald B, Parham J, Keith B, Rusnak DW, Shaw E, Jansen M, Lin P, Payne A, Crosby RM, Johnson JH, Frick L, Lin MH, Depee S, Tadepalli S,Votta B, James I, Fuller K, Chambers TJ, Kull FC, Chamberlain SD, Hutchins JT. Inhibition of colony-stimulating-factor-1 signaling in vivo with the orally bioavailable cFMS kinase inhibitor GW2580. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 1;102(44):16078-83.
[2] Garcia AJ1, Ruscetti M, Arenzana TL, Tran LM, Bianci-Frias D, Sybert E, Priceman SJ, Wu L, Nelson PS, Smale ST, Wu H. Pten Null Prostate Epithelium Promotes Localized Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Immune Suppression during Tumor Initiation and Progression. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Jun;34(11):2017-28.
[3] Kitagawa D1, Gouda M, Kirii Y, Sugiyama N, Ishihama Y, Fujii I, Narumi Y, Akita K, Yokota K. Characterization of kinase inhibitors using different phosphorylation states of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase. J Biochem. 2012 Jan;151(1):47-55.
[4] Komohara Y1, Horlad H, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Bai B, Nakagawa T, Suzu S, Nakamura H, Kuratsu J, Takeya M. Importance of direct macrophage-tumor cell interaction on progression of human glioma. Cancer Sci. 2012 Dec;103(12):2165-72.

Effects of the cFMS kinase inhibitor 5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (GW2580) in normal and arthritic rats.[Pubmed:18434589]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Jul;326(1):41-50.

The cFMS (cellular homolog of the V-FMS oncogene product of the Susan McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus) (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:3331-3335, 1986) kinase inhibitor 5-(3-methoxy-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (GW2580) inhibits colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1-induced monocyte growth and bone degradation in vitro and inhibits CSF-1 signaling through cFMS kinase in 4-day models in mice (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:16078, 2005). In the present study, the kinase selectivity of GW2580 was further characterized, and the effects of chronic treatment were evaluated in normal and arthritic rats. GW2580 selectively inhibited cFMS kinase compared with 186 other kinases in vitro and completely inhibited CSF-1-induced growth of rat monocytes, with an IC(50) value of 0.2 microM. GW2580 dosed orally at 25 and 75 mg/kg 1 and 5 h before the injection of lipopolysaccharide inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by 60 to 85%, indicating a duration of action of at least 5 h. In a 21-day adjuvant arthritis model, GW2580 dosed twice a day (b.i.d.) from days 0 to 21, 7 to 21, or 14 to 21 inhibited joint connective tissue and bone destruction as assessed by radiology, histology and bone mineral content measurements. In contrast, GW2580 did not affect ankle swelling in the adjuvant model nor did it affect ankle swelling in a model where local arthritis is reactivated by peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers. GW2580 administered to normal rats for 21 days showed no effects on tissue histology and only modest changes in serum clinical chemistry and blood hematology. In conclusion, GW2580 was effective in preserving joint integrity in the adjuvant arthritis model while showing minimal effects in normal rats.

Inhibition of colony-stimulating-factor-1 signaling in vivo with the orally bioavailable cFMS kinase inhibitor GW2580.[Pubmed:16249345]

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 1;102(44):16078-83.

Colony-stimulating-factor-1 (CSF-1) signaling through cFMS receptor kinase is increased in several diseases. To help investigate the role of cFMS kinase in disease, we identified GW2580, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cFMS kinase. GW2580 completely inhibited human cFMS kinase in vitro at 0.06 microM and was inactive against 26 other kinases. GW2580 at 1 microM completely inhibited CSF-1-induced growth of mouse M-NFS-60 myeloid cells and human monocytes and completely inhibited bone degradation in cultures of human osteoclasts, rat calvaria, and rat fetal long bone. In contrast, GW2580 did not affect the growth of mouse NS0 lymphoblastoid cells, human endothelial cells, human fibroblasts, or five human tumor cell lines. GW2580 also did not affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 production in freshly isolated human monocytes and mouse macrophages. After oral administration, GW2580 blocked the ability of exogenous CSF-1 to increase LPS-induced IL-6 production in mice, inhibited the growth of CSF-1-dependent M-NFS-60 tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity, and diminished the accumulation of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity after thioglycolate injection. Unexpectedly, GW2580 inhibited LPS-induced TNF production in mice, in contrast to effects on monocytes and macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, GW2580's selective inhibition of monocyte growth and bone degradation is consistent with cFMS kinase inhibition. The ability of GW2580 to chronically inhibit CSF-1 signaling through cFMS kinase in normal and tumor cells in vivo makes GW2580 a useful tool in assessing the role of cFMS kinase in normal and disease processes.

GW2580 is an orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor of c-Fms kinase which completely inhibits human cFMS kinase in vitro at 0.06 μM. GW2580 acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATP binding to the cFMS kinase and inhibits colony-stimulating-factor-1 signaling.

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