Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate

Scopolamine Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt form of scopolamine, a tropane alkaloid derived from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), specifically Hyoscyamus niger and Atropa belladonna, with anticholinergic, antiemetic and antivertigo properties. Structurally similar to acetylcholine, scopolamine antagonizes acetylcholine activity mediated by muscarinic receptors located on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves as well as on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. The agent is used to cause mydriasis, cycloplegia, to control the secretion of saliva and gastric acid, to slow gut motility, and prevent vomiting.

[An experimental study on the mechanism of bile excretion of the choledochoduodenal junction (author's transl)].[Pubmed:988403]

Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai Zasshi. 1976 Sep;12(3):139-55.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of bile excretion of the choledochoduodenal junction (ch-d junction) in rabbits, especially regarding it's structural and physiological independence from the duodenum. For this purpose muscular anatomy of the ch-d junction and relationship between the electromygoraphic spike potential of the juncture and the intracholedochal pressure were investigated. 1. There were demonstrated proper circular muscle and proper oblique muscle in the ch-d junction, which appeared independent from the duodenal muscle. There existed A MUSCULAR SPHINCTER at the terminus of the common bile duct, but it's muscle fibers did not appear continuous with the duodenal muscle fibers. 2. The rhythmical changing curve of the intracholedochal pressure was parallel with appearance of the spike potential but had absolutely no correlation with the duodenal one. 3. The attitudes of the ch-d junction and the duodenum to the neural control were compared. The spike generation by Neostigmin METHYLSULFATE WAS EQUALLY OBSERVED IN THE CH-D JUNCTION and the duodenum and the spike inhibition by Hyoscin-N-butylbromide was also equally observed in both of them, SUGGESTING THEIR innervation was probably common.

[Sonographic study of the effect of hyoscin-N-butylbromide on cholecystokinin stimulated gallbladder motility].[Pubmed:6464523]

Z Gastroenterol. 1984 Jun;22(6):305-10.

The influence of the spasmolytic agent Hyoscine-N-butylbromide on the Cholecystokinin induced gallbladder contraction was investigated by ultrasonography in 25 volunteers. Even at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg i.v. administered Hyoscine-N-butylbromide inhibited significantly the gallbladder emptying. In the investigated dosage range up to 0.6 mg/kg Hyoscine-N-butylbromide a strong response relationship was found. Since after the application of Hyoscine-N-butylbromide 30 min. before Cholecystokinin injection no loss of efficacy was observed, a considerably longer duration of the spasmolytic effect can be assumed. Also the oral form of the spasmolytic (dragees, mean dosage 0.6 mg/kg, application 30 min. before Cholecystokinin) showed a significant inhibition of gallbladder motility.

[The influence of a beta-adrenolytic premedication on cardiovascular parameters and plasma free fatty acids during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (author's transl)].[Pubmed:44770]

Wien Med Wochenschr. 1979 Dec 30;199(24):707-12.

Three groups of patients with different premedications were examined for changes of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and plasma free fatty acid levels during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy: Group A was premedicated with Bunitrolol, group B was premedicated with Hyoscin-N-butyl-bromide and diazepam, group C was endoscopied without premedication. The pulse rate rose significantly less in group A than in groups A and C; the same phenomenon was observed with regard to the systolic blood pressure. Premature beats occurred in all 3 groups: 32 per cent of the patients in group A, 43 per cent in group B and 60 per cent in group C had at least occasional premature beats; an accumulation of premature beats however occurred significantly less frequently in group A than in groups B or C. A drop of the ST-part of the ECG occurred with about the same frequency in each group. An increase of the plasma free fatty acids, which was noted in groups B and C, could be observed in Group A. A pre-endoscopic medication of beta blocking agents could be a useful measure in patients with labile arterial hypertension, vegatative dysregulation and a hyperkinetic heart syndrome.

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