(-)-Indolactam V

(-)-Indolactam V is a PKC activator, with Kis of 3.36 nM, 1.03 μM for η-CRD2 (PKCη surrogate peptide), γ-CRD2 (PKCγ surrogate peptide), and Kds of 5.5 nM (η-C1B), 7.7 nM (ε-C1B), 8.3 nM (δ-C1B), 18.9 nM (β-C1A-long), 20.8 nM (α-C1A-long), 137 nM (β-C1B), 138 nM (γ-C1A), 213 nM (γ-C1B), and has antitumor activity.

In Vitro:(-)-Indolactam V is a PKC activator, with Kis of 3.36 nM, 1.03 μM for η-CRD2 (PKCη surrogate peptide), γ-CRD2 (PKCγ surrogate peptide), and has antitumor activity[1]. (-)-Indolactam V shows Kds of 5.5 nM (η-C1B), 7.7 nM (ε-C1B), 8.3 nM (δ-C1B), 18.9 nM (β-C1A-long), 20.8 nM (α-C1A-long), 137 nM (β-C1B), 138 nM (γ-C1A), 213 nM (γ-C1B), respectively[2]. (-)-Indolactam V (20 nM-5 μM) dose-dependently affects multiple hESC lines, such as HUES 2, 4 and 8. (-)-Indolactam V also increases the mRNA levels of Pdx1, HNF6, PTF1A, SOX9, HB9 and PROX1. In addition, (-)-Indolactam V (300 nM) functions in both mouse and human cells and confirms that some signals for pancreatic development[3].

References:
[1]. Nakagawa Y, et al. Synthesis and biological activities of indolactone-V, the lactone analogue of the tumor promoter (-)-indolactam-V. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Aug;61(8):1415-7. [2]. Masuda A, et al. Binding selectivity of conformationally restricted analogues of (-)-indolactam-V to the C1 domains of protein kinase C isozymes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Jul;66(7):1615-7. [3]. Chen S, et al. A small molecule that directs differentiation of human ESCs into the pancreatic lineage. Nat Chem Biol. 2009 Apr;5(4):258-65.

Modular Total Synthesis of Protein Kinase C Activator (-)-Indolactam V.[Pubmed:27074538]

Org Lett. 2016 May 6;18(9):2008-11.

A concise, eight-step total synthesis of (-)-Indolactam V, a nanomolar agonist of protein kinase C, is reported. The synthesis relies upon an efficient copper-catalyzed amino acid arylation to establish the indole C4-nitrogen bond. This cross-coupling method is applicable to a range of hydrophobic amino acids, providing a platform for further diversification of indolactam alkaloid scaffolds and studies on their potent biological activity.

Total syntheses of indolactam alkaloids (-)-indolactam V, (-)-pendolmycin, (-)-lyngbyatoxin A, and (-)-teleocidin A-2.[Pubmed:24839542]

Chem Sci. 2014 Jun 1;5(6):2184-2190.

We report the total syntheses of (-)-Indolactam V and the C7-substituted indolactam alkaloids (-)-pendolmycin, (-)-lyngbyatoxin A, and (-)-teleocidin A-2. The strategy for preparing indolactam V relies on a distortion-controlled indolyne functionalization reaction to establish the C4-N linkage, in addition to an intramolecular conjugate addition to build the conformationally-flexible nine-membered ring. The total synthesis of indolactam V then sets the stage for the divergent synthesis of the other targeted alkaloids. Specifically, late-stage sp(2)-sp(3) cross-couplings on an indolactam V derivative are used to introduce the key C7 substituents and the necessary quaternary carbons. These challenging couplings, in addition to other delicate manipulations, all proceed in the presence of a basic tertiary amine, an unprotected secondary amide, and an unprotected indole. Thus, our approach not only enables the enantiospecific total syntheses of four indolactam alkaloids, but also serves as a platform for probing complexity-generating and chemoselective transformations in the context of alkaloid total synthesis.

Overturning indolyne regioselectivities and synthesis of indolactam V.[Pubmed:21351773]

J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Mar 23;133(11):3832-5.

We report the design and synthesis of an indolyne that displays a reversal in regioselectivity, in both nucleophilic addition and cycloaddition reactions, compared to typical 4,5-indolynes. Our approach utilizes simple computations to predict regioselectivity in reactions of unsymmetrical arynes. With this methodology, novel benzenoid-substituted indoles can be accessed with significant regiocontrol. Furthermore, the technology provides an unconventional tactic for the synthesis of C4-substituted indole alkaloids, as demonstrated by a synthesis of indolactam V.

Synthesis of (-)-epi-indolactam V by an intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling cyclization reaction.[Pubmed:23845025]

J Org Chem. 2013 Aug 2;78(15):7727-34.

The synthetic efforts toward the concise synthesis of (-)-Indolactam V from simple and commercially available starting materials using palladium- and copper-catalyzed intramolecular N-arylation strategy for the elaboration of the requisite nine-membered lactam ring as the key step are described. The incorporation of a turn-inducing structural element along the linear precursor was fundamental to achieve the heterocyclization step as well as obtain the correct regio- and chemoselectivity. The stereoselective nature in the C-N coupling cyclization reaction is interpreted in terms of minimization of allylic strain at the transition state for the palladium-amido complex formation. Meanwhile, the synthesis of the (-)-epi-indolactam V and its enantiomer have been accomplished.

(-)-Indolactam V is a PKC activator, with Kis of 3.36 nM, 1.03 μM for η-CRD2 (PKCη surrogate peptide), γ-CRD2 (PKCγ surrogate peptide), and Kds of 5.5 nM (η-C1B), 7.7 nM (ε-C1B), 8.3 nM (δ-C1B), 18.9 nM (β-C1A-long), 20.8 nM (α-C1A-long), 137 nM (β-C1B), 138 nM (γ-C1A), 213 nM (γ-C1B), and has antitumor activity.

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