Martynoside

Martynoside and the Novel Dimeric Open-Chain Monoterpene Glucoside Digipenstroside from Penstemon digitalis.[Pubmed:17262462]

Planta Med. 1989 Oct;55(5):474-6.

From the leaves of PENSTEMON DIGITALIS Nutt. a novel dimeric open-chain monoterpene glucoside, digipenstroside, in addition to the known phenylpropanoid glycoside Martynoside has been isolated. The structure of digipenstroside was elucidated by spectroscopic means (FD-MS, (1)H-, (13)C-, and 2D-NMR spectroscopy) as 1-(beta- D-glucopyranosyl)-8-[8''-hydroxy-2''-6''-dimethyl-oct-2''( E),6''( E)-dienoyl]-5,8-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2( E),6( E)-dienoate. Therefore digipenstroside belongs to a new type of natural compounds, comprising of two geraniol-type monoterpenes and glucose linked by esterification. The occurrence of such compounds together with intact iridoid glycosides might be of interest from the biogenetic point of view.

Antioxidative properties of Martynoside: pulse radiolysis and laser photolysis study.[Pubmed:14567442]

Free Radic Res. 2003 Aug;37(8):829-33.

Free radical reactions of Martynoside (MAR), a phenylpropanoid glycoside, with a variety of oxidants were studied in the aqueous solution by laser photolysis and pulse radiolysis techniques. The pKa value of MAR in aqueous solution was measured from the pH dependent changes of the UV absorption at 384 nm with value of pKa = 9.2. The phenoxyl radical of MAR which exhibits maximum absorption at 360 nm was generated by one-electron transfer to N3* or Br2*-. Other important properties of phenoxyl radical such as extinction coefficient, formation and decay rate constants were also determined. The reaction rate constant of O2*- with MAR, k = 8.5 x 10(4) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1), was measured by the method of competition kinetics. By measuring time-resolved luminescence emission at 1270 nm, the quenching rate constant of singlet oxygen by MAR was obtained to be 3.3 x 10(6) dm3 x mol(-1) x s(-1). Reduction potential of the MAR couple (MAR*/MAR), determined using rutin as reference compound, gave a value E = 0.66 V vs. NHE. The antioxidative properties of MAR were compared with those of some well-known antioxidants.

Acteoside and martynoside exhibit estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties.[Pubmed:16198557]

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Jan;98(1):63-71.

Acteoside and Martynoside are plant phenylpropanoid glycosides exhibiting anticancer, cytotoxic and antimetastatic activities. We investigated their potential to activate estrogen receptor isoforms ERalpha and ERbeta in HeLa cells transfected with an estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase (Luc) reporter gene and an ERalpha or ERbeta expression vector. Their estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects were also assessed in breast cancer cells (MCF7), endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa) and osteoblasts (KS483), by measuring IGFBP3 levels, cell viability and number of mineralized nodules, respectively, seeking for a natural selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Acteoside and Martynoside antagonized both ERalpha and ERbeta (p<0.001), whereas they reversed the effect of E(2) mainly via ERalpha (p<0.001). Martynoside was a potent antiestrogen in MCF-7 cells, increasing, like ICI182780, IGFBP3 levels via the ER-pathway. In osteoblasts, Martynoside induced nodule mineralization, which was abolished by ICI182780, implicating an ER-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, its antiproliferative effect on endometrial cells suggests that Martynoside may be an important natural SERM. Acteoside was an antiestrogen in breast cancer cells and osteoblasts, without any effect on endometrial cells. Our study suggests that the nature is rich in selective ERalpha and ERbeta ligands, the discovery of which may lead to the development of novel neutraceutical agents.

Retardation of skeletal muscle fatigue by the two phenylpropanoid glycosides: verbascoside and martynoside from Pedicularis plicata maxim.[Pubmed:10548760]

Phytother Res. 1999 Nov;13(7):621-3.

The effects of the phenylpropanoid glycosides verbascoside and Martynoside from Pedicularis plicata were investigated on muscle contractility in Bufo gastrocnemius muscle electrically stimulated in vitro. The maximum amplitude and maintained time of contraction were mechanically recorded and used as indices of muscle contractility. After 30 min pretreatment of the muscle, verbascoside at 20.0 microM resisted muscle fatigue significantly while Martynoside at 80.0 microM improved muscle contractility only slightly. These two glycosides resisted muscle fatigue depending on their antioxidative activities, which is in agreement with the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in promoting fatigue in skeletal muscle.

Anti-sports anaemia effects of verbascoside and martynoside in mice.[Pubmed:20556696]

Int J Sports Med. 2010 Aug;31(8):537-41.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of verbascoside and Martynoside isolated from PEDICULARIS DOLICHOCYMBA on sports anaemia. Forty mice were divided into four groups: Group R (control group, nonsupplemented and maintained at rest), Group E (nonsupplemented and undergoing exercise), Group VE (supplemented with verbascoside 10 mg/kg per day and undergoing exercise), and Group ME (supplemented with Martynoside 10 mg/kg per day and undergoing exercise). After 5 weeks intensive swimming exercises, we measured the RBC count, the hemoglobin concentration, the hematocrit (Hct), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). We studied the shapes of RBC and measured the plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA). We found Group E showed lower RBC, hemoglobin and Hct levels, higher MCHC, MCH, plasma MDA levels and the abnormally shaped RBCs percentage than Groups R, VE and ME. Group ME showed lower RBC and Hct levels, higher MCH, plasma MDA levels and the abnormally shaped RBCs percentage than Group VE. The results indicated that verbascoside and Martynoside have the potential of antagonizing sports anaemia, the mechanism of this effect might be related to preventing RBC from free radical damage. Moreover, verbascoside was found to be more active than Martynoside.