Testosterone isocaproate

(1)H NMR determination of adulteration of anabolic steroids in seized drugs.[Pubmed:30003910]

Steroids. 2018 Oct;138:47-56.

Counterfeiting and adulteration of pharmaceuticals is a prevalent problem worldwide and represents a major health risk to the population, with anabolic steroids being one of the main classes of drugs consumed and obtained from dubious sources. In this work, we propose the use of the (1)H NMR technique to evaluate formulations containing anabolic steroids, with analysis of 40 samples of anabolic drugs that are used in injectable and capsule forms. The samples analyzed presented the following active ingredients: testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate, testosterone decanoate, testosterone cypionate, testosterone undecanoate, stanozolol, drostanolone propionate, trenbolone acetate, oxymetholone, and methandrostenolone. The (1)H NMR spectroscopic measurements were performed using a 600MHz Bruker Avance III spectrometer, with deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) containing 0.1% TMS as solvent. Of the 40 samples analyzed, eight did not show the presence of the active principle stated on the label. Three types of adulteration were found in the analyzed samples: absence of the active ingredient, adulteration with other substances, and concentration values below those indicated on the label. Sildenafil citrate was found in four samples. The GC-MS technique was used to confirm the adulteration results found using (1)H NMR. Quantitative determination by NMR was performed using internal standard and ERETIC 2 methods, and the results obtained were statistically the same.

Determination of testosterone esters and estradiol esters in bovine and porcine blood serum.[Pubmed:27915587]

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2017 Apr;34(4):477-481.

Monitoring of steroid esters in blood serum is desirable in order to detect the possible illegal use of natural hormones as growth promoters. A method for the determination of testosterone propionate, testosterone benzoate, Testosterone isocaproate, testosterone decanoate and estradiol benzoate in bovine and porcine blood serum was developed. The procedure consists of protein precipitation and removal of phospholipids using a HybridSPE(R)-Phospholipid column followed by clean-up on a hydrophilic modified styrene polymer Supel(TM)-Select HLB column and LC-MS/MS measurement. The method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits for all analytes were observed in the range 5-30 pg ml(-)(1). The method was shown to be robust for bovine and porcine serum analyses and can be applied for both screening and confirmatory determination in routine residue monitoring.

Detection of testosterone esters in blood.[Pubmed:26695486]

Drug Test Anal. 2015 Nov-Dec;7(11-12):983-9.

Injections of synthetic esters of testosterone are among the most common forms of testosterone application. In doping control, the detection of an intact ester of testosterone in blood gives unequivocal proof of the administration of exogenous testosterone. The aim of the current project was to investigate the detection window for injected testosterone esters as a mixed substance preparation and as a single substance preparation in serum and plasma. Furthermore, the suitability of different types of blood collection devices was evaluated. Collection tubes with stabilizing additives, as well as non-stabilized serum separation tubes, were tested. A clinical study with six participants was carried out, comprising a single intramuscular injection of either 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate (Nebido((R))) or a mixture of 30 mg testosterone propionate, 60 mg testosterone phenylpropionate, 60 mg Testosterone isocaproate, and 100 mg testosterone decanoate (Sustanon((R))). Blood was collected throughout a testing period of 60 days. The applied analytical method for blood analysis included liquid-liquid extraction and preparation of oxime derivatives, prior to TLX-sample clean-up and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection. All investigated testosterone esters could be detected in post-administration blood samples. The detection time depended on the type of ester administered. Furthermore, results from the study show that measured blood concentrations of especially short-chained testosterone esters are influenced by the type of blood collection device applied. The testosterone ester detection window, however, was comparable.

Use of dried blood spots in doping control analysis of anabolic steroid esters.[Pubmed:24713476]

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Aug 5;96:21-30.

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, a technique for whole blood sampling on a piece of filter paper, has more than 50-years tradition, particularly in the diagnostic analysis of metabolic disorders in neonatal screening. Due to the minimal invasiveness, straightforwardness, robustness against manipulation and fastness DBS sampling recommends itself as an advantageous technique in doping control analysis. The present approach highlights the development of a screening assay for the analysis of eight anabolic steroid esters (nandrolone phenylpropionate, trenbolone enanthate, testosterone acetate, testosterone cypionate, Testosterone isocaproate, testosterone phenylpropionate, testosterone decanoate and testosterone undecanoate) and nandrolone in DBS. The detection of the intact esters allows an unequivocal proof of the administration of conjugates of exogenous testosterone and its derivatives. Precise, specific and linear conditions were obtained by means of liquid chromatography high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry. Sensitivity in the low ppb range was accomplished by the preparation of the methyloxime derivatives of the target compounds. Labeled internal standards (d3-nandrolone, d3-nandrolone caproate and d3-nandrolone undecanoate) were applied to compensate for the broad range in chain length of the esters. The assay presented here outlines the application of DBS for the analysis of anabolic steroid esters in doping controls for the first time providing great potential to simplify the proof of exogenous administration of testosterone.

Effective separation and simultaneous analysis of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in their pharmaceutical formulations by a validated TLC-densitometry method.[Pubmed:22703827]

Chem Cent J. 2012 Jun 15;6(1):54.

BACKGROUND: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are widely misused for the enhancement of performance in sports. Several drugs are available that contain different combinations or individual steroids in different dosage form. This paper describes a TLC densitometric method for simultaneous determination of four AAS of testosterone derivatives including testosterone propionate (TP), testosterone phenyl propionate (TPP), Testosterone isocaproate (TI) and testosterone deaconate (TD) in their pharmaceutical products. RESULTS: Separation was carried out on Al based TLC plates, pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 using hexane and ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5, v/v). Spots at Rf 0.31 +/- 0.01, 0.34 +/- 0.01, 0.40 +/- 0.01 and 0.45 +/- 0.02 were recognized as TPP, TP, TI and TD, respectively. Quantitative analysis was done by densitometric measurements at lambdamax 251 nm for all derivatives. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Method was found linear over the concentration range of 200-1200 ng/spot with the correlation coefficient of 0.995, 0.993, 0.995 and 0.996 for TP, TPP, TI, TD, respectively. Limit of detection for all derivatives were in the range of 16.7-22.3 ng/spot while limit of quantitation were found to be in the range of 55.7-70.9 ng/spot. CONCLUSIONS: The developed TLC method can be applied for the simultaneous routine analysis of testosterone derivatives in their individual and combined pharmaceutical formulations.

Effects of sustanon on the distribution of satellite cells and the morphology of skeletal muscle fibers during maturation.[Pubmed:24199455]

Pak J Biol Sci. 2012 Mar 1;15(5):215-23.

Sustanon is one of the most commonly used anabolic androgenic drugs to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength. This drug is a blend of four esterized testosterone derivatives: Testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate. Little is known about the effects of this drug on skeletal muscle at the cellular level. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Sustanon on the morphology of skeletal muscle fibers and the distribution of myogenic stem cells known as Satellite Cells (SCs) during postnatal growth. We hypothesized that Sustanon-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in the number of SCs. Robust immunocytochemical techniques and morphometric analyses were used to calculate the numbers of SCs and myonuclei within the pectoralis muscle of chickens. Also, DNA concentration and Pax7 protein levels were measured to confirm immunocytochemical findings. Sustanon significantly increased pectoralis mass and fiber size. All SC indices and the number of myonuclei increased significantly by Sustanon administration. In addition, greater DNA concentration and Pax7 protein expression were found in Sustanon-treated birds. This study indicates that Sustanon can induce avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy and that this is correlated with increased numbers of SCs and myonuclei.

Treatment of constitutional delayed puberty with a combination of testosterone esters.[Pubmed:8719438]

Horm Res. 1995;44 Suppl 3:32-4.

Thirteen boys who had constitutional delayed puberty (CDP) were treated with a combination of short- and long-acting testosterone esters (testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate). Mean age at the onset of treatment was 14.9 +/- 0.6 years and bone age delay was -2.7 +/- 0.9 years. An intramuscular dose of 200 mg testosterone was administered 4 times at 3-week intervals and the treated CDP boys were followed for 2 years. All boys with CDP entered puberty after the last dose (testicular volume > or = 4 ml) and growth rate increased from 4.5 +/- 0.5 cm/year pretreatment to 8.4 +/- 1.6 cm/year posttreatment after the 2-year follow-up period. Height for bone age SD score did not alter significantly from a mean of -1.1 pretreatment to -1.3 posttreatment as well as predicted height pretreatment (173.5 +/- 6.6 cm) and posttreatment (173.3 +/- 4.9 cm). A combination of testosterone esters in a given dose and schedule is a safe and effective treatment for prepubertal boys with CDP.

Treatment of constitutional delayed puberty with a combination of testosterone esters.[Pubmed:8160278]

Turk J Pediatr. 1993 Oct-Dec;35(4):271-5.

Thirteen boys with constitutional delayed puberty (CDP) were treated with a combination of short and long-acting testosterone esters (testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, Testosterone isocaproate). Mean age at the onset of treatment was 14.9 +/- 0.6 years and bone age delay was -2.7 +/- 0.9 years. The dose of testosterone used was 200 mg intramuscularly four times at three week intervals, and the treated CDP boys were followed for two years. All the boys with CDP entered puberty after the last dose (testicular volume > or = 4 ml), and growth rate increased from 4.5 +/- 0.5 cm/year, pretreatment, to 8.4 +/- 1.6 cm/year, posttreatment, at the two year follow-up. Height for bone age SD score did not change significantly from a mean of -1.1 before treatment to -1.3 after treatment, nor did predicted height before treatment (173.5 +/- 6.6 cm) and after treatment (173.3 +/- 4.9 cm). Combination of testosterone esters in a given dose and schedule is a safe and effective treatment for prepubertal boys with constitutional delayed puberty.