Vidofludimus

Vidofludimus (4SC-101, SC12267) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with an IC50 value of 134nmol/L for human DHODH [1].

Vidofludimus (4SC-101, SC12267) has been reported to dose-dependently inhibit DHODH in an in vitro enzyme assay with IC50 values of 0.134μmol/L, 1.29μmol/L, 10.6μmol/L and 12.9μmol/L in human DHODH, rat DHODH, mouse DHODH and human PBMC, respectively [1]. In addition, Vidofludimus has shown the inhibition of proliferation in phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocytes with an IC50 value of ~13μmol/L. Moreover, Vidofludimus has been revealed to concentration-dependently inhibit phytohemagglutinin-stimulated interukin-17 secretion from human peripgeral blppd mononuclear cell lines (PBMCs) with an IC50 value of 6 μmol/L [2].

References:
[1] Kulkarni OP1, Sayyed SG, Kantner C, Ryu M, Schnurr M, Sárdy M, Leban J, Jankowsky R, Ammendola A, Doblhofer R, Anders HJ. 4SC-101, a novel small molecule dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, suppresses systemic lupus erythematosus in MRL-(Fas) lpr mice. Am J Pathol. 2010 Jun;176(6):2840-7.
[2] Fitzpatrick LR1, Deml L, Hofmann C, Small JS, Groeppel M, Hamm S, Lemstra S, Leban J, Ammendola A. 4SC-101, a novel immunosuppressive drug, inhibits IL-17 and attenuates colitis in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Oct;16(10):1763-77.

Efficacy, safety and tolerability of vidofludimus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the ENTRANCE study.[Pubmed:23078909]

J Crohns Colitis. 2013 Sep;7(8):636-43.

BACKGROUND: Vidofludimus (SC12267) is a novel oral immunomodulator inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL17A and IL17F) and interferon-gamma. The objective of the study was to explore the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Vidofludimus in steroid-dependent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: The open label uncontrolled ENTRANCE study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00820365) has been conducted at 13 study centers in Germany, Bulgaria and Romania. Thirty-four steroid-dependent patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated with a once daily 35mg oral dose of Vidofludimus over 12weeks. Steroids were tapered during the first 8weeks followed by a steroid-free treatment period of 4weeks. Complete response was defined as steroid-free clinical remission at week 12; partial response was defined as being in remission at steroid dose equal or lower than the individual patient's threshold dose for relapse. RESULTS: Of the thirty-four patients enrolled in this trial 26 were evaluable for primary efficacy assessment. After completion of the 12weeks treatment phase 8 out of 14 (57.1%) patients with CD and 6 out of 12 (50.0%) patients with UC were in steroid-free remission (complete responders). Another 4 (28.6%) patients in CD and 5 (41.7%) patients in UC were partial responders. Vidofludimus was well tolerated, no drug-related serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This trial provides first evidence of clinical efficacy of Vidofludimus in IBD. Although the safety and tolerability profile seems favorable, long-term controlled studies are needed to further investigate its potential as novel IBD therapy.

Vidofludimus inhibits colonic interleukin-17 and improves hapten-induced colitis in rats by a unique dual mode of action.[Pubmed:22691298]

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012 Sep;342(3):850-60.

Vidofludimus (Vido) is a novel oral immunomodulatory drug that inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Vido inhibits interleukin (IL)-17 secretion in vitro independently of effects on lymphocyte proliferation. Our primary goal was to evaluate the in vivo effects of Vido on IL-17 secretion and the parameters of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. To further delineate the mechanism of action for Vido, rats were dosed concomitantly with uridine (Uri). Young Wistar rats received a 150-mul enema of either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or TNBS on study day 1. The ex vivo effects of Vido on 24-h colonic IL-17 secretion were determined by using colonic strips from PBS- or TNBS-treated rats. Some rats were dosed with vehicle, Vido, or Vido + Uri for 6 days. On day 6, the parameters of colitis were determined from colonic tissue. These parameters included macroscopic, histological, and transcription factor measurements, IL-17 production, and numbers of CD3+ T cells. Ex vivo Vido completely blocked IL-23 + IL-1beta-stimulated secretion of IL-17 by colonic strips. In vivo Vido treatment alone most effectively reduced macroscopic and histological pathology and the numbers of CD3+ T cells. In contrast, similarly reduced nuclear signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binding and IL-17 levels were observed from animals treated with Vido alone and Vido + Uri. Vido improves TNBS-induced colonic inflammation by a unique dual mode of action: 1) inhibiting expansion of colonic T lymphocytes, and 2) suppressing colonic IL-17 production, which is independent from the control of T-lymphocyte proliferation, by inhibition of STAT3 and nuclear factor-kappaB activation.

Vidofludimus(4SC-101; SC12267) is a novel immunosuppressive drug that inhibits DHODH; inhibits IL-17 secretion in vitro independently of effects on lymphocyte proliferation.

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